biostudies-literatureJoyce BTIntramural NIH HHSNIA NIH HHSAmerican Heart Association-American Stroke AssociationUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamNHLBI NIH HHSKaiser Foundation Research InstituteNational Heart, Lung, and Blood InstituteUniversity of MinnesotaNorthwestern UniversityIntramural Research ProgramNational Institute on Aging2517-2523https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9799217biostudies-literatureUnknown77(12)<h4>Background</h4>Studies found associations between pulmonary function (PF) and cognition, but these are limited by mostly cross-sectional design and a single measure of PF (typically forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1]). Our objective was to prospectively analyze the association of repeatedly measured PF with cognition.<h4>Methods</h4>We studied 3 499 participants in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults cohort with cognition measured at year 25 (Y25) and Y30, and PF (FEV1 and forced vital capacity [FVC], reflecting better PF) measured up to 6 times from Y0 to Y20. Cognition was measured via Stroop test, Rey-Auditory Verbal Learning Test [RAVLT], and digit symbol substitution test [DSST], which capture executive function, verbal learning and memory, and attention and psychomotor speed, respectively; lower Stroop, and higher RAVLT and DSST scores indicate better cognition. We modeled linear, cross-sectional associations between cognition and PF at Y30 (mean age 55), and mixed models to examine associations between cognition at Y25-Y30 and longitudinal PF (both annual rate of change, and cumulative PF from Y0 to Y20).<h4>Results</h4>At Y30, FEV1 and FVC were cross-sectionally associated with all 3 measures of cognition (β = 0.08-0.12, p < .01-.02). Annual change from peak FEV1/FVC ratio was associated with Stroop and DSST (β = 18.06, 95% CI = 7.71-28.40; β = 10.30, 95% CI = 0.26-20.34, respectively), but not RAVLT. Cumulative FEV1 and FVC were associated with Stroop and DSST (β = 0.07-0.12, p < .01-.02), but only cumulative FEV1 was associated with RAVLT (β = 0.07, 95% CI = 0.00-0.14).<h4>Conclusions</h4>We identified prospective associations between measures of PF and cognition even at middle ages, adding evidence of a prospective association between reduced PF and cognitive decline.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciencesPulmonary Function in Midlife as a Predictor of Later-Life Cognition: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Adults (CARDIA) Study.PMC9799217HHSN268201800005IHHSN268201800004IAG0005HHSN268201800007IHHSN268201800006IHHSN268201800003I19CDA34630050R01 HL122477Washko GZheng YLiu KGross MHenkle BEKunisaki KMHou LThyagarajan BLloyd-Jones DYaffe KSidney SKalhan RJoyce BTChen XJacobs DRGao TfalsePulmonary Function in Midlife as a Predictor of Later-Life Cognition: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Adults (CARDIA) Study.<h4>Background</h4>Studies found associations between pulmonary function (PF) and cognition, but these are limited by mostly cross-sectional design and a single measure of PF (typically forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1]). Our objective was to prospectively analyze the association of repeatedly measured PF with cognition.<h4>Methods</h4>We studied 3 499 participants in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults cohort with cognition measured at year 25 (Y25) and Y30, and PF (FEV1 and forced vital capacity [FVC], reflecting better PF) measured up to 6 times from Y0 to Y20. Cognition was measured via Stroop test, Rey-Auditory Verbal Learning Test [RAVLT], and digit symbol substitution test [DSST], which capture executive function, verbal learning and memory, and attention and psychomotor speed, respectively; lower Stroop, and higher RAVLT and DSST scores indicate better cognition. We modeled linear, cross-sectional associations between cognition and PF at Y30 (mean age 55), and mixed models to examine associations between cognition at Y25-Y30 and longitudinal PF (both annual rate of change, and cumulative PF from Y0 to Y20).<h4>Results</h4>At Y30, FEV1 and FVC were cross-sectionally associated with all 3 measures of cognition (β = 0.08-0.12, p < .01-.02). Annual change from peak FEV1/FVC ratio was associated with Stroop and DSST (β = 18.06, 95% CI = 7.71-28.40; β = 10.30, 95% CI = 0.26-20.34, respectively), but not RAVLT. Cumulative FEV1 and FVC were associated with Stroop and DSST (β = 0.07-0.12, p < .01-.02), but only cumulative FEV1 was associated with RAVLT (β = 0.07, 95% CI = 0.00-0.14).<h4>Conclusions</h4>We identified prospective associations between measures of PF and cognition even at middle ages, adding evidence of a prospective association between reduced PF and cognitive decline.2022-01-01T00:00:00Z2022 Dec2025-04-19T17:57:41.346Z2025-04-19T17:57:41.346ZS-EPMC97992173510657610.1093/gerona/glac026