biostudies-literatureUnknown21(1)Bosworth ML<h4>Background</h4>Ethnic minority groups in England have been disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and have lower vaccination rates than the White British population. We examined whether ethnic differences in COVID-19 mortality in England have continued since the vaccine rollout and to what extent differences in vaccination rates contributed to excess COVID-19 mortality after accounting for other risk factors.<h4>Methods</h4>We conducted a retrospective, population-based cohort study of 28.8 million adults aged 30-100 years in England. Self-reported ethnicity was obtained from the 2011 Census. The outcome was death involving COVID-19 during the second (8 December 2020 to 12 June 2021) and third wave (13 June 2021 to 1 December 2021). We calculated hazard ratios (HRs) for dBMC medicine13https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9826727biostudies-literatureEthnic differences in COVID-19 mortality in the second and third waves of the pandemic in England during the vaccine rollout: a retrospective, population-based cohort study.PMC9826727Morgan JAhmed TRaleigh VLorenzi LNafilyan VBosworth MLLarsen TGoldblatt PAli RBannister NKhunti KAyoubkhani DGlickman MIslam NfalseEthnic differences in COVID-19 mortality in the second and third waves of the pandemic in England during the vaccine rollout: a retrospective, population-based cohort study.<h4>Background</h4>Ethnic minority groups in England have been disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and have lower vaccination rates than the White British population. We examined whether ethnic differences in COVID-19 mortality in England have continued since the vaccine rollout and to what extent differences in vaccination rates contributed to excess COVID-19 mortality after accounting for other risk factors.<h4>Methods</h4>We conducted a retrospective, population-based cohort study of 28.8 million adults aged 30-100 years in England. Self-reported ethnicity was obtained from the 2011 Census. The outcome was death involving COVID-19 during the second (8 December 2020 to 12 June 2021) and third wave (13 June 2021 to 1 December 2021). We calculated hazard ratios (HRs) for d2023-01-01T00:00:00Z2023 Jan2026-03-27T15:47:39.891Z2025-04-05T18:19:44.379ZS-EPMC98267273661756210.1186/s12916-022-02704-7