biostudies-literatureCremin MHHS | NIH | National Institute of General Medical SciencesNIAID NIH HHSHHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesNIGMS NIH HHSL53-L63https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9829467biostudies-literatureUnknown324(1)It is becoming increasingly appreciated that the nervous and immune systems communicate bidirectionally to regulate immunological outcomes in a variety of organs including the lung. Activation of neuronal signaling can be induced by inflammation, tissue damage, or pathogens to evoke or reduce immune cell activation in what has been termed a neuroimmune reflex. In the periphery, these reflexes include the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, sympathetic reflex, and sensory nociceptor-immune cell pathways. Continual advances in neuroimmunology in peripheral organ systems have fueled small-scale clinical trials that have yielded encouraging results for a range of immunopathologies such as rheumatoid arthritis. Despite these successes, several limitations should give clinical investigators pAmerican journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiologyThe diversity of neuroimmune circuits controlling lung inflammation.PMC9829467T32GM099608R21 AI148188R01 AI150647T32 GM099608R01AI150647T32 GM144303GM144303R21AI148188Schreiber SCremin MTay EXYMurray KReardon CfalseThe diversity of neuroimmune circuits controlling lung inflammation.It is becoming increasingly appreciated that the nervous and immune systems communicate bidirectionally to regulate immunological outcomes in a variety of organs including the lung. Activation of neuronal signaling can be induced by inflammation, tissue damage, or pathogens to evoke or reduce immune cell activation in what has been termed a neuroimmune reflex. In the periphery, these reflexes include the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, sympathetic reflex, and sensory nociceptor-immune cell pathways. Continual advances in neuroimmunology in peripheral organ systems have fueled small-scale clinical trials that have yielded encouraging results for a range of immunopathologies such as rheumatoid arthritis. Despite these successes, several limitations should give clinical investigators p2023-01-01T00:00:00Z2023 Jan2025-04-04T08:34:20.552Z2025-04-04T08:34:20.552ZS-EPMC98294673641002110.1152/ajplung.00179.2022