biostudies-literatureUnknown13(2)Wang L<b>Background:</b> Synthetic hydrogels are commonly mechanically weak which limits the scope of their applications. <b>Methods:</b> In this study, we synthesized an organic-inorganic hybrid hydrogel with ultrahigh strength, stiffness, and toughness via enzyme-induced mineralization of calcium phosphate in a double network of bacterial cellulose nanofibers and alginate-Ca²⁺. <b>Results:</b> Cellulose nanofibers formed the first rigid network via hydrogen binding and templated the deposition of calcium phosphate, while alginate-Ca²⁺ formed the second energy-dissipating network via ionic interaction. The two networks created a brick-mortar-like structure, in which the "tortuous fracture path" mechanism by breaking the interlaced calcium phosphate-coated bacterial celluloTheranostics673-684https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9830447biostudies-literatureEnzymatically-mineralized double-network hydrogels with ultrahigh mechanical strength, toughness, and stiffness.PMC9830447Li WZhao WWang GZhao YZhang QWang LfalseEnzymatically-mineralized double-network hydrogels with ultrahigh mechanical strength, toughness, and stiffness.<b>Background:</b> Synthetic hydrogels are commonly mechanically weak which limits the scope of their applications. <b>Methods:</b> In this study, we synthesized an organic-inorganic hybrid hydrogel with ultrahigh strength, stiffness, and toughness via enzyme-induced mineralization of calcium phosphate in a double network of bacterial cellulose nanofibers and alginate-Ca²⁺. <b>Results:</b> Cellulose nanofibers formed the first rigid network via hydrogen binding and templated the deposition of calcium phosphate, while alginate-Ca²⁺ formed the second energy-dissipating network via ionic interaction. The two networks created a brick-mortar-like structure, in which the "tortuous fracture path" mechanism by breaking the interlaced calcium phosphate-coated bacterial cellulo2023-01-01T00:00:00Z20232025-04-04T21:55:04.148Z2025-02-18T23:37:05.913ZS-EPMC98304473663221410.7150/thno.77417