biostudies-literatureUnknown89Nie YNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaA taxonomic revision of <i>Conidiobolus</i> s.l. (Ancylistaceae, Entomophthorales) delimited all members that form capilliconidia into the genus <i>Capillidium</i>. In this study, we report two new species of <i>Capillidium</i> that were isolated in China. <i>Capillidiummacrocapilliconidium</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> is characterised by large capilliconidia. <i>Capillidiumjiangsuense</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> is differentiated by large capilliconidia and long, slender secondary conidiophores. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using sequences from the nuclear large subunit of rDNA (nucLSU), the mitochondrial small subunit of rDNA (mtSSU) and elongation-factor-like (<i>EFL</i>). The analyses revealed sister relationships between <i>Ca.macrocapilliconidium</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> and <i>Ca.globuliferus</i> / <i>Ca.pumilum</i> and between <i>Ca.jiangsuense</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> and <i>Ca.denaeosporum</i>. Additionally, a new combination of <i>Ca.rugosum</i> (Drechsler) B. Huang & Y. Nie <b>comb. nov.</b> is proposed herein. An identification key is provided for the ten accepted <i>Capillidium</i> species.MycoKeys139-153https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9849098biostudies-literatureTwo new species in <i>Capillidium</i> (Ancylistaceae, Entomophthorales) from China, with a proposal for a new combination.PMC9849098Liu XWang ZHuang BNie YZhao HZhou ZfalseTwo new species in <i>Capillidium</i> (Ancylistaceae, Entomophthorales) from China, with a proposal for a new combination.A taxonomic revision of <i>Conidiobolus</i> s.l. (Ancylistaceae, Entomophthorales) delimited all members that form capilliconidia into the genus <i>Capillidium</i>. In this study, we report two new species of <i>Capillidium</i> that were isolated in China. <i>Capillidiummacrocapilliconidium</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> is characterised by large capilliconidia. <i>Capillidiumjiangsuense</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> is differentiated by large capilliconidia and long, slender secondary conidiophores. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using sequences from the nuclear large subunit of rDNA (nucLSU), the mitochondrial small subunit of rDNA (mtSSU) and elongation-factor-like (<i>EFL</i>). The analyses revealed sister relationships between <i>Ca.macrocapilliconidium</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> and <i>Ca.globuliferus</i> / <i>Ca.pumilum</i> and between <i>Ca.jiangsuense</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> and <i>Ca.denaeosporum</i>. Additionally, a new combination of <i>Ca.rugosum</i> (Drechsler) B. Huang & Y. Nie <b>comb. nov.</b> is proposed herein. An identification key is provided for the ten accepted <i>Capillidium</i> species.2022-01-01T00:00:00Z20222026-06-24T03:13:02.124Z2025-04-04T08:35:22.221ZS-EPMC98490983676083010.3897/mycokeys.89.79537