biostudies-literatureZhao ZKorea Health Industry Development InstituteGachon University1042https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9852449biostudies-literatureUnknown13(1)High-throughput transparent and flexible electronics are essential technologies for next-generation displays, semiconductors, and wearable bio-medical applications. However, to manufacture a high-quality transparent and flexible electrode, conventional annealing processes generally require 5 min or more at a high temperature condition of 300 °C or higher. This high thermal budget condition is not only difficult to apply to general polymer-based flexible substrates, but also results in low-throughput. Here, we report a high-quality transparent electrode produced with an extremely low thermal budget using Xe-flash lamp rapid photonic curing. Photonic curing is an extremely short time (~ μs) process, making it possible to induce an annealing effect of over 800 °C. The photonic curing effect wScientific reportsRapid photonic curing effects of xenon flash lamp on ITO-Ag-ITO multilayer electrodes for high throughput transparent electronics.PMC9852449GCU-2019-0764HI22C0290Cho ESJeon YZhao ZKwon SJRose AfalseRapid photonic curing effects of xenon flash lamp on ITO-Ag-ITO multilayer electrodes for high throughput transparent electronics.High-throughput transparent and flexible electronics are essential technologies for next-generation displays, semiconductors, and wearable bio-medical applications. However, to manufacture a high-quality transparent and flexible electrode, conventional annealing processes generally require 5 min or more at a high temperature condition of 300 °C or higher. This high thermal budget condition is not only difficult to apply to general polymer-based flexible substrates, but also results in low-throughput. Here, we report a high-quality transparent electrode produced with an extremely low thermal budget using Xe-flash lamp rapid photonic curing. Photonic curing is an extremely short time (~ μs) process, making it possible to induce an annealing effect of over 800 °C. The photonic curing effect w2023-01-01T00:00:00Z2023 Jan2026-03-18T13:14:15.215Z2025-04-06T09:48:11.804ZS-EPMC98524493665817410.1038/s41598-023-27942-4