biostudies-literatureTrapani SDpt. ECOBIO, IRDFrench Infrastructure for Integrated Structural BiologyDpt. SPE, INRAEAgence Nationale de la RechercheINSTRUCT-ERICRégion Auvergne-Rhône-AlpesCBH-EUR-GSFondation Recherche Médicale, FRMFEDERMontpellier Université d'ExcellenceGrenoble Partnership for Structural BiologyInfrastructures en Biologie Santé et Agronomiee1011086https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9858847biostudies-literatureUnknown19(1)Nanoviruses are plant multipartite viruses with a genome composed of six to eight circular single-stranded DNA segments. The distinct genome segments are encapsidated individually in icosahedral particles that measure ≈18 nm in diameter. Recent studies on the model species Faba bean necrotic stunt virus (FBNSV) revealed that complete sets of genomic segments rarely occur in infected plant cells and that the function encoded by a given viral segment can complement the others across neighbouring cells, presumably by translocation of the gene products through unknown molecular processes. This allows the viral genome to replicate, assemble into viral particles and infect anew, even with the distinct genome segments scattered in different cells. Here, we question the form under which the FBNSV PLoS pathogensStructure-guided mutagenesis of the capsid protein indicates that a nanovirus requires assembled viral particles for systemic infection.PMC9858847ANR‐10‐INBS‐05GISANR-17-EURE-0003ANR-10-INBS-05-02BLANC-MUSE2020-MultivirANR‐18‐CE92‐0028‐01Trapani SPirolles EBron PVernerey MSZeddam JLYvon MBhat EALai-Kee-Him JHoh FSchoehn GBonnamy MBlanc SfalseStructure-guided mutagenesis of the capsid protein indicates that a nanovirus requires assembled viral particles for systemic infection.Nanoviruses are plant multipartite viruses with a genome composed of six to eight circular single-stranded DNA segments. The distinct genome segments are encapsidated individually in icosahedral particles that measure ≈18 nm in diameter. Recent studies on the model species Faba bean necrotic stunt virus (FBNSV) revealed that complete sets of genomic segments rarely occur in infected plant cells and that the function encoded by a given viral segment can complement the others across neighbouring cells, presumably by translocation of the gene products through unknown molecular processes. This allows the viral genome to replicate, assemble into viral particles and infect anew, even with the distinct genome segments scattered in different cells. Here, we question the form under which the FBNSV 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z2023 Jan2026-05-27T22:45:05.231Z2025-02-19T04:45:41.179ZS-EPMC98588473662285410.1371/journal.ppat.1011086