biostudies-literatureUnknown13(1)Yang YWThe injury severity score (ISS) is used in daily practice to evaluate the severity of trauma patients; however, the score is not always consistent with the prognosis. After injury, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome (CARS) are related to the prognosis of trauma patients. We aimed to evaluate the associations between the immune response and prognosis in trauma patients. Patients who admitted to the Trauma Intensive Care Unit (ICU) were eligible. Whole blood samples were collected at admission, and then 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after admission. Natural killer (NK) cells, lymphocyte subset population and cytokines release were identified using flow cytometry. We grouped patients by their ISS (≤ 25 and > 25 as very severe injury) aScientific reports1391https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9876923biostudies-literatureDynamics of immune responses are inconsistent when trauma patients are grouped by injury severity score and clinical outcomes.PMC9876923Chen YRYang YWHu RHWu CHChang YPTsai HTWu TEHan YYfalseDynamics of immune responses are inconsistent when trauma patients are grouped by injury severity score and clinical outcomes.The injury severity score (ISS) is used in daily practice to evaluate the severity of trauma patients; however, the score is not always consistent with the prognosis. After injury, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome (CARS) are related to the prognosis of trauma patients. We aimed to evaluate the associations between the immune response and prognosis in trauma patients. Patients who admitted to the Trauma Intensive Care Unit (ICU) were eligible. Whole blood samples were collected at admission, and then 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after admission. Natural killer (NK) cells, lymphocyte subset population and cytokines release were identified using flow cytometry. We grouped patients by their ISS (≤ 25 and > 25 as very severe injury) a2023-01-01T00:00:00Z2023 Jan2025-04-26T01:41:51.936Z2025-04-06T10:10:10.661ZS-EPMC98769233669747410.1038/s41598-023-27969-7