biostudies-literatureMoore SCBritish Heart FoundationFIC NIH HHSMedical Research CouncilThe Francis Crick InstituteNational Institute for Health Research (NIHR)Wellcome Trust191-215.e9https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9933851biostudies-literatureUnknown4(3)<h4>Background</h4>Both infection and vaccination, alone or in combination, generate antibody and T cell responses against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, the maintenance of such responses-and hence protection from disease-requires careful characterization. In a large prospective study of UK healthcare workers (HCWs) (Protective Immunity from T Cells in Healthcare Workers [PITCH], within the larger SARS-CoV-2 Immunity and Reinfection Evaluation [SIREN] study), we previously observed that prior infection strongly affected subsequent cellular and humoral immunity induced after long and short dosing intervals of BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech) vaccination.<h4>Methods</h4>Here, we report longer follow-up of 684 HCWs in this cohort over 6-9 months following twoMed (New York, N.Y.)Evolution of long-term vaccine-induced and hybrid immunity in healthcare workers after different COVID-19 vaccine regimens.PMC9933851WT109965MAD43 TW009127FS/18/52/33808MR/W02067X/1NIHR203792COV19-RECPLASMC_UU_0025/12PG/11/116/29288110,110Z/15/Z205228/Z/16/ZNIHR300669NIHR200907CL-2013-07-005COVID-19-RECPLAS090532/Z/09/ZMR/W020564/1CL-2018-13-007NF-SI-0617-10139211153/Z/18/ZMR/X001598/1204721/Z/16/ZPG/11/116/29,288110110/Z/15/ZMR/X009297/1NIHR300791CC2223110058/Z/15/ZDobson SLBrown ATyerman JKNewman TAHLonget SCarroll MWilson JDPollard AJNicols ARMeardon NZhang PDeeks ASAl-Taei SGrouneva IAbraham PSupasa Pde Silva TIBooth LHKlenerman PPlowright MDold CLambe TScreaton GMurray SMHall VTipton TJeffery KTurtle LHering LMStafford LBibi SAdele SAngyal AShields ABarnes ERowland-Jones SLDejnirattisai WNeale IReyes LSTuekprakhon AKronsteiner BHorner ECHornsby HNell JMMongkolsapaya JHopkins SConlon CPFaustini SWootton DGDuncan CJARichter ACross AMentzer AJZewdie MPhillips EThaventhiran JEDAli MMatthews PCPayne RPMalone TDunachie SLiu CPITCH ConsortiumMoore SCBrown RfalseEvolution of long-term vaccine-induced and hybrid immunity in healthcare workers after different COVID-19 vaccine regimens.<h4>Background</h4>Both infection and vaccination, alone or in combination, generate antibody and T cell responses against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, the maintenance of such responses-and hence protection from disease-requires careful characterization. In a large prospective study of UK healthcare workers (HCWs) (Protective Immunity from T Cells in Healthcare Workers [PITCH], within the larger SARS-CoV-2 Immunity and Reinfection Evaluation [SIREN] study), we previously observed that prior infection strongly affected subsequent cellular and humoral immunity induced after long and short dosing intervals of BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech) vaccination.<h4>Methods</h4>Here, we report longer follow-up of 684 HCWs in this cohort over 6-9 months following two2023-01-01T00:00:00Z2023 Mar2026-05-28T10:47:33.344Z2024-11-09T21:37:04.894ZS-EPMC99338513686334710.1016/j.medj.2023.02.004