biostudies-literatureUnknown42(3)Filippi M<h4>Background</h4>With the progression of the Coronavirus disease pandemic, the number of mutations in the viral genome has increased, showing the adaptive evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in humans and intensification in transmissibility. Long-term infections also allow the development of viral diversity. In this study, we report the case of a child with severe combined immu presenting a prolonged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. We aimed to analyze 3 naso-oropharyngeal swab samples collected between August and December 2021 to describe the amino acid changes present in the sequence reads that may have a role in the emergence of new viral variants.<h4>Methods</h4>The whole genome from clinical samples was sequenced through high throughput sequencing and analyzed using a workflow to map reads and then find variations/single-nucleotide polymorphisms. In addition, the samples were isolated in cell culture, and a plaque forming units assay was performed, which indicates the presence of viable viral particles.<h4>Results</h4>The results obtained showed that the virus present in all samples is infectious. Also, there were 20 common mutations among the 3 sequence reads, found in the ORF1ab and ORF10 proteins. As well, a considerable number of uncommon mutations were found.<h4>Conclusions</h4>In conclusion, we emphasize that genomic surveillance can be a useful tool to assess possible evolution signals in long-term patients.The Pediatric infectious disease journal212-217https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9935232biostudies-literatureProlonged SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Intra-Patient Viral Evolution in an Immunodeficient Child.PMC9935232Demoliner MFleck JDGirardi VFilippi MRosado Spilki FMotta Rodrigues GFrohlich JMinuto Paiva RSchons Gularte Jde Abreu Goes Pereira VMde-Paris FWitt Hansen ASoares Falcetta FRibeiro Amorim MMachado Arlindo De Mattos EDeutschendorf CSoares da Silva MProenca Modena JLAparecida Risczik Arruda Correa JfalseProlonged SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Intra-Patient Viral Evolution in an Immunodeficient Child.<h4>Background</h4>With the progression of the Coronavirus disease pandemic, the number of mutations in the viral genome has increased, showing the adaptive evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in humans and intensification in transmissibility. Long-term infections also allow the development of viral diversity. In this study, we report the case of a child with severe combined immu presenting a prolonged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. We aimed to analyze 3 naso-oropharyngeal swab samples collected between August and December 2021 to describe the amino acid changes present in the sequence reads that may have a role in the emergence of new viral variants.<h4>Methods</h4>The whole genome from clinical samples was sequenced through high throughput sequencing and analyzed using a workflow to map reads and then find variations/single-nucleotide polymorphisms. In addition, the samples were isolated in cell culture, and a plaque forming units assay was performed, which indicates the presence of viable viral particles.<h4>Results</h4>The results obtained showed that the virus present in all samples is infectious. Also, there were 20 common mutations among the 3 sequence reads, found in the ORF1ab and ORF10 proteins. As well, a considerable number of uncommon mutations were found.<h4>Conclusions</h4>In conclusion, we emphasize that genomic surveillance can be a useful tool to assess possible evolution signals in long-term patients.2023-01-01T00:00:00Z2023 Mar2025-04-22T10:16:37.305Z2025-04-05T23:30:54.246ZS-EPMC99352323672877710.1097/INF.0000000000003782