biostudies-literatureCaetano-Silva MENational Institutes of HealthNIH HHS2819https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9935636biostudies-literatureUnknown13(1)Microglia play a vital role maintaining brain homeostasis but can also cause persistent neuroinflammation. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by the intestinal microbiota have been suggested to regulate microglia inflammation indirectly by signaling through the gut-brain axis or directly by reaching the brain. The present work evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of SCFAs on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated microglia from mice fed inulin, a soluble fiber that is fermented by intestinal microbiota to produce SCFAs in vivo, and SCFAs applied to primary microglia in vitro. Feeding mice inulin increased SCFAs in the cecum and in plasma collected from the hepatic portal vein. Microglia isolated from mice fed inulin and stimulated with LPS in vitro secreted less tumor necrosis factorScientific reportsInhibition of inflammatory microglia by dietary fiber and short-chain fatty acids.PMC9935636R01 AG059622Hutchinson NTRund LSteelman AJJohnson RWCaetano-Silva MEWoods JAfalseInhibition of inflammatory microglia by dietary fiber and short-chain fatty acids.Microglia play a vital role maintaining brain homeostasis but can also cause persistent neuroinflammation. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by the intestinal microbiota have been suggested to regulate microglia inflammation indirectly by signaling through the gut-brain axis or directly by reaching the brain. The present work evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of SCFAs on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated microglia from mice fed inulin, a soluble fiber that is fermented by intestinal microbiota to produce SCFAs in vivo, and SCFAs applied to primary microglia in vitro. Feeding mice inulin increased SCFAs in the cecum and in plasma collected from the hepatic portal vein. Microglia isolated from mice fed inulin and stimulated with LPS in vitro secreted less tumor necrosis factor2023-01-01T00:00:00Z2023 Feb2025-04-04T23:11:45.338Z2025-04-04T23:11:45.338ZS-EPMC99356363679728710.1038/s41598-022-27086-x