biostudies-literatureUnknown5(3)Kobo O<h4>Rationale & objective</h4>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) mortality, but there are limited data on temporal trends disaggregated by sex, race, and urban/rural status in this population.<h4>Study design</h4>Retrospective observational study.<h4>Setting & participants</h4>The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging, Online Data for Epidemiologic Research database.<h4>Exposure & predictors</h4>Patients with CKD and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) stratified according to key demographic groups.<h4>Outcomes</h4>Etiologies of CKD- and ESKD-associated mortality between 1999 and 2000.<h4>Analytical approach</h4>Presentation of age-adjusted mortality rates (per 100,000 people) characterized by CV categories, ethnicity, sex (male or female), age categories, state, and urban/rural status.<h4>Results</h4>Between 1999 and 2020, we identified 1,938,505 death certificates with CKD (and ESKD) as an associated cause of mortality. Of all CKD-associated mortality, the most common etiology was CV, with 31.2% of cases. Between 1999 and 2020, CKD-related age-adjusted mortality increased by 50.2%, which was attributed to an 86.6% increase in non-CV mortality but a 7.1% decrease in CV mortality. Black patients had a higher rate of CV mortality throughout the study period, although Black patients experienced a 38.6% reduction in mortality whereas White patients saw a 2.7% increase. Hispanic patients experienced a greater reduction in CV mortality over the study period (40% reduction) compared to non-Hispanic patients (3.6% reduction). CV mortality was higher in urban areas in 1999 but in rural areas in 2020.<h4>Limitations</h4>Reliance on accurate characterization of causes of mortality in a large dataset.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Among patients with CKD-related mortality in the United States between 1999 and 2020, there was an increase in all-cause mortality though a small decrease in CV-related mortality. Overall, temporal decreases in CV mortality were more prominent in Hispanic versus non-Hispanic patients and Black patients versus White patients.Kidney medicine100597https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9939730biostudies-literatureCKD-Associated Cardiovascular Mortality in the United States: Temporal Trends From 1999 to 2020.PMC9939730Parwani PSun LYKobo OMieres JHVan Spall HGCAhmed SBMamas MAAbramov DSiudak ZDavies SfalseCKD-Associated Cardiovascular Mortality in the United States: Temporal Trends From 1999 to 2020.<h4>Rationale & objective</h4>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) mortality, but there are limited data on temporal trends disaggregated by sex, race, and urban/rural status in this population.<h4>Study design</h4>Retrospective observational study.<h4>Setting & participants</h4>The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging, Online Data for Epidemiologic Research database.<h4>Exposure & predictors</h4>Patients with CKD and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) stratified according to key demographic groups.<h4>Outcomes</h4>Etiologies of CKD- and ESKD-associated mortality between 1999 and 2000.<h4>Analytical approach</h4>Presentation of age-adjusted mortality rates (per 100,000 people) characterized by CV categories, ethnicity, sex (male or female), age categories, state, and urban/rural status.<h4>Results</h4>Between 1999 and 2020, we identified 1,938,505 death certificates with CKD (and ESKD) as an associated cause of mortality. Of all CKD-associated mortality, the most common etiology was CV, with 31.2% of cases. Between 1999 and 2020, CKD-related age-adjusted mortality increased by 50.2%, which was attributed to an 86.6% increase in non-CV mortality but a 7.1% decrease in CV mortality. Black patients had a higher rate of CV mortality throughout the study period, although Black patients experienced a 38.6% reduction in mortality whereas White patients saw a 2.7% increase. Hispanic patients experienced a greater reduction in CV mortality over the study period (40% reduction) compared to non-Hispanic patients (3.6% reduction). CV mortality was higher in urban areas in 1999 but in rural areas in 2020.<h4>Limitations</h4>Reliance on accurate characterization of causes of mortality in a large dataset.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Among patients with CKD-related mortality in the United States between 1999 and 2020, there was an increase in all-cause mortality though a small decrease in CV-related mortality. Overall, temporal decreases in CV mortality were more prominent in Hispanic versus non-Hispanic patients and Black patients versus White patients.2023-01-01T00:00:00Z2023 Mar2026-03-17T16:06:28.429Z2025-04-06T14:45:28.096ZS-EPMC99397303681445410.1016/j.xkme.2022.100597