biostudies-literatureUnknown15(1)Ali Khan QBackground Intellectual disability (ID), also termed mental retardation (MR), is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by an intelligence quotient (IQ) of 70 or below and a deficit in at least two behaviors associated with adaptive functioning. The condition is further classified into syndromic intellectual disability (S-ID) and non-syndromic intellectual disability (NS-ID). This study highlights the genes associated with NS-ID. Objectives A genetic study was performed on two Pakistani families to know the inheritance patterns, clinical phenotypes, and molecular genetics of affected individuals with NS-ID. Methodology Samples were collected from two families: families A and B. All affected individuals in both families were diagnosed by a neurologist. Written informed consent was takeCureuse34085https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9946902biostudies-literatureNon-syndromic Intellectual Disability: An Experimental In-Depth Exploration of Inheritance Pattern, Phenotypic Presentation, and Genomic Composition.PMC9946902Vattikuti BShahzadi AVerma RFarkouh MSantiago NAbdi PFarkouh CSShah SDAli Khan QNunez AAnthony MKhan AZZepeda DKhan RfalseNon-syndromic Intellectual Disability: An Experimental In-Depth Exploration of Inheritance Pattern, Phenotypic Presentation, and Genomic Composition.Background Intellectual disability (ID), also termed mental retardation (MR), is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by an intelligence quotient (IQ) of 70 or below and a deficit in at least two behaviors associated with adaptive functioning. The condition is further classified into syndromic intellectual disability (S-ID) and non-syndromic intellectual disability (NS-ID). This study highlights the genes associated with NS-ID. Objectives A genetic study was performed on two Pakistani families to know the inheritance patterns, clinical phenotypes, and molecular genetics of affected individuals with NS-ID. Methodology Samples were collected from two families: families A and B. All affected individuals in both families were diagnosed by a neurologist. Written informed consent was take2023-01-01T00:00:00Z2023 Jan2025-04-04T09:48:49.806Z2024-11-05T18:12:21.034ZS-EPMC99469023684383110.7759/cureus.34085