biostudies-literatureGoff PHSarcoma Foundation of AmericaImmunoPrismNCI NIH HHSNIH1701-1711https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9953754biostudies-literatureUnknown28(8)<h4>Purpose</h4>To characterize changes in the soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) tumor immune microenvironment induced by standard neoadjuvant therapy with the goal of informing neoadjuvant immunotherapy trial design.<h4>Experimental design</h4>Paired pre- and postneoadjuvant therapy specimens were retrospectively identified for 32 patients with STSs and analyzed by three modalities: multiplexed IHC, NanoString, and RNA sequencing with ImmunoPrism analysis.<h4>Results</h4>All 32 patients, representing a variety of STS histologic subtypes, received neoadjuvant radiotherapy and 21 (66%) received chemotherapy prior to radiotherapy. The most prevalent immune cells in the tumor before neoadjuvant therapy were myeloid cells (45% of all immune cells) and B cells (37%), with T (13%) and natural killer (NKClinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer ResearchNeoadjuvant Therapy Induces a Potent Immune Response to Sarcoma, Dominated by Myeloid and B Cells.PMC9953754L30 CA153318P30 CA015704R01 CA223498R01CA244872CA180380R01 CA244872Goff PHJones RLLaFranzo NARicciotti RMcClanahan TKRiolobos LSmythe KSLaFleur BJKane GMCranmer LDWagner MJPierce RHSpraker MBPollack SMThompson MJChen EYLoggers ETKim TSBlumenschein WMSeo YDEarls JMurphy EHe QMantilla JGFlanagan KCCampbell JSKim EYSchaub SKZhang YfalseNeoadjuvant Therapy Induces a Potent Immune Response to Sarcoma, Dominated by Myeloid and B Cells.<h4>Purpose</h4>To characterize changes in the soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) tumor immune microenvironment induced by standard neoadjuvant therapy with the goal of informing neoadjuvant immunotherapy trial design.<h4>Experimental design</h4>Paired pre- and postneoadjuvant therapy specimens were retrospectively identified for 32 patients with STSs and analyzed by three modalities: multiplexed IHC, NanoString, and RNA sequencing with ImmunoPrism analysis.<h4>Results</h4>All 32 patients, representing a variety of STS histologic subtypes, received neoadjuvant radiotherapy and 21 (66%) received chemotherapy prior to radiotherapy. The most prevalent immune cells in the tumor before neoadjuvant therapy were myeloid cells (45% of all immune cells) and B cells (37%), with T (13%) and natural killer (NK2022-01-01T00:00:00Z2022 Apr2026-05-28T19:01:54.017Z2025-02-19T00:13:46.53ZS-EPMC99537543511530610.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-423910.1158/1078-0432.CCR-21-4239