biostudies-literatureSpruijtenburg BSão Paulo Research FoundationFundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo-FAPESPCanisius-Wilhelmina ZiekenhuisCanisius-Wilhelmina Hospital207https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9958743biostudies-literatureUnknown9(2)<i>Candida tropicalis</i> is emerging as one of the most common <i>Candida</i> species causing opportunistic infections in Latin America. Outbreak events caused by <i>C. tropicalis</i> were reported, and antifungal resistant isolates are on the rise. In order to investigate population genomics and look into antifungal resistance, we applied a short tandem repeat (STR) genotyping scheme and antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST) to 230 clinical and environmental <i>C. tropicalis</i> isolates from Latin American countries. STR genotyping identified 164 genotypes, including 11 clusters comprised of three to seven isolates, indicating outbreak events. AFST identified one isolate as anidulafungin-resistant and harboring a <i>FKS1</i> S659P substitution. Moreover, we identified 24 clinical and environmental isolates with intermediate susceptibility or resistance to one or more azoles. <i>ERG11</i> sequencing revealed each of these isolates harboring a Y132F and/or Y257H/N substitution. All of these isolates, except one, were clustered together in two groups of closely related STR genotypes, with each group harboring distinct <i>ERG11</i> substitutions. The ancestral <i>C. tropicalis</i> strain of these isolates likely acquired the azole resistance-associated substitutions and subsequently spread across vast distances within Brazil. Altogether, this STR genotyping scheme for <i>C. tropicalis</i> proved to be useful for identifying unrecognized outbreak events and better understanding population genomics, including the spread of antifungal-resistant isolates.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)Short Tandem Repeat Genotyping and Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Latin American <i>Candida tropicalis</i> Isolates.PMC9958743CWZ_0014210014212017/02203-07Berrio IChaves GMOn Behalf Of The Latin American Group For Investigating Candida Tropicalis ResistanceSpruijtenburg BFernandez NBde Groot TMeijer EFJBaqueiro CCSZColombo ALde Almeida JNMeis JFfalseShort Tandem Repeat Genotyping and Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Latin American <i>Candida tropicalis</i> Isolates.<i>Candida tropicalis</i> is emerging as one of the most common <i>Candida</i> species causing opportunistic infections in Latin America. Outbreak events caused by <i>C. tropicalis</i> were reported, and antifungal resistant isolates are on the rise. In order to investigate population genomics and look into antifungal resistance, we applied a short tandem repeat (STR) genotyping scheme and antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST) to 230 clinical and environmental <i>C. tropicalis</i> isolates from Latin American countries. STR genotyping identified 164 genotypes, including 11 clusters comprised of three to seven isolates, indicating outbreak events. AFST identified one isolate as anidulafungin-resistant and harboring a <i>FKS1</i> S659P substitution. Moreover, we identified 24 clinical and environmental isolates with intermediate susceptibility or resistance to one or more azoles. <i>ERG11</i> sequencing revealed each of these isolates harboring a Y132F and/or Y257H/N substitution. All of these isolates, except one, were clustered together in two groups of closely related STR genotypes, with each group harboring distinct <i>ERG11</i> substitutions. The ancestral <i>C. tropicalis</i> strain of these isolates likely acquired the azole resistance-associated substitutions and subsequently spread across vast distances within Brazil. Altogether, this STR genotyping scheme for <i>C. tropicalis</i> proved to be useful for identifying unrecognized outbreak events and better understanding population genomics, including the spread of antifungal-resistant isolates.2023-01-01T00:00:00Z2023 Feb2025-08-27T03:10:39.374Z2025-04-03T22:09:09.095ZS-EPMC99587433683632110.3390/jof9020207