biostudies-literatureUnknown29(3)Chen XCandida haemulonii, a relative of C. auris, frequently shows antifungal resistance and is transmissible. However, molecular tools for genotyping and investigating outbreaks are not yet established. We performed genome-based population analysis on 94 C. haemulonii strains, including 58 isolates from China and 36 other published strains. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that C. haemulonii can be divided into 4 clades. Clade 1 comprised strains from China and other global strains; clades 2-4 contained only isolates from China, were more recently evolved, and showed higher antifungal resistance. Four regional epidemic clusters (A, B, C, and D) were identified in China, each comprising ≥5 cases (largest intracluster pairwise single-nucleotide polymorphism differences <50 bp). Cluster A was identiEmerging infectious diseases576-584https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9973686biostudies-literatureClonal Dissemination of Antifungal-Resistant Candida haemulonii, China.PMC9973686Zhang GHuang JZhang JZhang HLin YWang HHou XZhang QXi HBing JLiu YLiu ZJia XKang MWang WChen XGong JHong NFan XKang WXie XXiao YYang BXu HLi LXu JYang WXiao MXu YfalseClonal Dissemination of Antifungal-Resistant Candida haemulonii, China.Candida haemulonii, a relative of C. auris, frequently shows antifungal resistance and is transmissible. However, molecular tools for genotyping and investigating outbreaks are not yet established. We performed genome-based population analysis on 94 C. haemulonii strains, including 58 isolates from China and 36 other published strains. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that C. haemulonii can be divided into 4 clades. Clade 1 comprised strains from China and other global strains; clades 2-4 contained only isolates from China, were more recently evolved, and showed higher antifungal resistance. Four regional epidemic clusters (A, B, C, and D) were identified in China, each comprising ≥5 cases (largest intracluster pairwise single-nucleotide polymorphism differences <50 bp). Cluster A was identi2023-01-01T00:00:00Z2023 Mar2026-05-28T12:52:18.829Z2025-04-05T22:50:56.226ZS-EPMC99736863682302910.3201/eid2903.221082