biostudies-literatureBach MMEuropean Research Council1101432https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9978154biostudies-literatureUnknown17<h4>Introduction</h4>Children start to run after they master walking. How running develops, however, is largely unknown.<h4>Methods</h4>We assessed the maturity of running pattern in two very young, typically developing children in a longitudinal design spanning about three years. Leg and trunk 3D kinematics and electromyography collected in six recording sessions, with more than a hundred strides each, entered our analysis. We recorded walking during the first session (the session of the first independent steps of the two toddlers at the age of 11.9 and 10.6 months) and fast walking or running for the subsequent sessions. More than 100 kinematic and neuromuscular parameters were determined for each session and stride. The equivalent data of five young adults served to define mature runninFrontiers in human neuroscienceDevelopment of running is not related to time since onset of independent walking, a longitudinal case study.PMC9978154715945Daffertshofer ADominici NCappellini GIvanenko YBach MMZandvoort CSLacquaniti FfalseDevelopment of running is not related to time since onset of independent walking, a longitudinal case study.<h4>Introduction</h4>Children start to run after they master walking. How running develops, however, is largely unknown.<h4>Methods</h4>We assessed the maturity of running pattern in two very young, typically developing children in a longitudinal design spanning about three years. Leg and trunk 3D kinematics and electromyography collected in six recording sessions, with more than a hundred strides each, entered our analysis. We recorded walking during the first session (the session of the first independent steps of the two toddlers at the age of 11.9 and 10.6 months) and fast walking or running for the subsequent sessions. More than 100 kinematic and neuromuscular parameters were determined for each session and stride. The equivalent data of five young adults served to define mature runnin2023-01-01T00:00:00Z20232025-04-20T01:34:14.388Z2024-11-09T06:04:16.322ZS-EPMC99781543687523710.3389/fnhum.2023.1101432