biostudies-literatureSvanstrom SCarl Tryggers Stiftelse f?r Vetenskaplig ForskningHorizon 2020 Framework ProgrammeEnergimyndighetenG?ran Gustafssons StiftelserVetenskapsr?detStiftelsen f?r Strategisk Forskning12485-12494https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9999345biostudies-literatureUnknown15(9)A heterojunction is the key junction for charge extraction in many thin film solar cell technologies. However, the structure and band alignment of the heterojunction in the operating device are often difficult to predict from calculations and, due to the complexity and narrow thickness of the interface, are difficult to measure directly. In this study, we demonstrate a technique for direct measurement of the band alignment and interfacial electric field variations of a fully functional lead halide perovskite solar cell structure under operating conditions using hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES). We describe the design considerations required in both the solar cell devices and the measurement setup and show results for the perovskite, hole transport, and gold layers at the backACS applied materials & interfacesDirect Measurements of Interfacial Photovoltage and Band Alignment in Perovskite Solar Cells Using Hard X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy.PMC9999345730872CTS 18:592018-04125P50626-12016-04590P43549-1RMA15-01302018-064652018-04330Zhang FGarcia Fernandez AKuhn DSun LRensmo HJohansson FOLJacobsson TJAitola KCeolin DSvanstrom SRueff JPSloboda TCappel UBfalseDirect Measurements of Interfacial Photovoltage and Band Alignment in Perovskite Solar Cells Using Hard X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy.A heterojunction is the key junction for charge extraction in many thin film solar cell technologies. However, the structure and band alignment of the heterojunction in the operating device are often difficult to predict from calculations and, due to the complexity and narrow thickness of the interface, are difficult to measure directly. In this study, we demonstrate a technique for direct measurement of the band alignment and interfacial electric field variations of a fully functional lead halide perovskite solar cell structure under operating conditions using hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES). We describe the design considerations required in both the solar cell devices and the measurement setup and show results for the perovskite, hole transport, and gold layers at the back2023-01-01T00:00:00Z2023 Mar2025-04-22T06:52:19.303Z2025-04-05T21:55:37.373ZS-EPMC99993453684777310.1021/acsami.2c17527