biostudies-otherUnknownHanan WoodsMus musculus (mouse)https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-BSST2147biostudies-otherColin YuanEmily RobsonSarah Catherine GillardDigin DominicFrank SengpielÜlkü GünarNoboru H. KomiyamaBeverly NotmanGabor VargaZhen QiuHanan WoodsSeth G.N. GrantfalseThe Synaptome Experience ProjectUnderstanding how experience modifies the brain is a major goal in biology. Synaptome mapping reveals highly diverse, spatially organised populations of excitatory synapses. Using single‑synapse resolution analysis of synapse proteomes across the whole brain, we identify the molecular trace left in mice exposed to an enriched environment or deprived of vision in one eye. Environmental enrichment, whether during development or adulthood, induced similar, brain‑wide changes in the abundance of specific synapse types. Monocular visual deprivation also induced brain‑wide changes but in distinct sets of synapses. These modifications were constrained by synapse proteostasis and network connectivity. Our findings support a population‑selection model in which experience drives adaptation by selectively modifying synapse types, generating a distributed molecular record of life history.2025-08-18T00:00:00Z2026-02-13T17:50:00.629Z2025-08-18T13:07:50.978ZS-BSST2147