{"database":"biostudies-other","file_versions":[],"scores":null,"additional":{"omics_type":["Unknown"],"volume":["36(8)"],"submitter":["Filippin-Monteiro FB"],"journal":["International Journal of Obesity (2005)"],"pagination":["1032-9"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC3419975"],"abstract":[" BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Serum amyloid A (SAA) is an acute-phase protein that has been recently correlated with obesity and insulin resistance. Therefore, we first examined whether human recombinant SAA (rSAA) could affect the proliferation, differentiation and metabolism of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. DESIGN: Preadipocytes were treated with rSAA and analyzed for changes in viability and [³H-methyl]-thymidine incorporation as well as cell cycle perturbations using flow cytometry analysis. The mRNA expression profiles of adipogenic factors during the differentiation protocol were also analyzed using real-time PCR. After differentiation, 2-deoxy-[1,2-³H]-glucose uptake and glycerol release were evaluated. RESULTS: rSAA treatment caused a 2.6-fold increase in cell proliferation, which was consistent with the results from flow cytometry showing that rSAA treatment augmented the percentage of cells in the S phase (60.9±0.54%) compared with the control cells (39.8±2.2%, (***) P<0.001). The rSAA-induced cell proliferation was mediated by the ERK1/2 signaling pathway, which was assessed by pretreatment with the inhibitor PD98059. However, the exposure of 3T3-L1 cells to rSAA during the differentiation process resulted in attenuated adipogenesis and decreased expression of adipogenesis-related factors. During the first 72 h of differentiation, rSAA inhibited the differentiation process by altering the mRNA expression kinetics of adipogenic transcription factors and proteins, such as PPARγ2 (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ 2), C/EBPβ (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β) and GLUT4. rSAA prevented the intracellular accumulation of lipids and, in fully differentiated cells, increased lipolysis and prevented 2-deoxy-[1,2-³H]-glucose uptake, which favors insulin resistance. Additionally, rSAA stimulated the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor α, and upregulated SAA3 mRNA expression during adipogenesis. CONCLUSIONS: We showed that rSAA enhanced proliferation and inhibited differentiation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and altered insulin sensitivity in differentiated cells. These results highlight the complex role of SAA in the adipogenic process and support a direct link between obesity and its co-morbidities such as type II diabetes."],"repository":["biostudies-other"],"data_source":["Europe PMC"],"pubmed_authors":["Albuquerque RC","de Oliveira EM","Knebel FH","Sandri S","Campa A","Filippin-Monteiro FB"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Serum amyloid A is a growth factor for 3T3-L1 adipocytes, inhibits differentiation and promotes insulin resistance.","description":" BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Serum amyloid A (SAA) is an acute-phase protein that has been recently correlated with obesity and insulin resistance. Therefore, we first examined whether human recombinant SAA (rSAA) could affect the proliferation, differentiation and metabolism of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. DESIGN: Preadipocytes were treated with rSAA and analyzed for changes in viability and [³H-methyl]-thymidine incorporation as well as cell cycle perturbations using flow cytometry analysis. The mRNA expression profiles of adipogenic factors during the differentiation protocol were also analyzed using real-time PCR. After differentiation, 2-deoxy-[1,2-³H]-glucose uptake and glycerol release were evaluated. RESULTS: rSAA treatment caused a 2.6-fold increase in cell proliferation, which was consistent with the results from flow cytometry showing that rSAA treatment augmented the percentage of cells in the S phase (60.9±0.54%) compared with the control cells (39.8±2.2%, (***) P<0.001). The rSAA-induced cell proliferation was mediated by the ERK1/2 signaling pathway, which was assessed by pretreatment with the inhibitor PD98059. However, the exposure of 3T3-L1 cells to rSAA during the differentiation process resulted in attenuated adipogenesis and decreased expression of adipogenesis-related factors. During the first 72 h of differentiation, rSAA inhibited the differentiation process by altering the mRNA expression kinetics of adipogenic transcription factors and proteins, such as PPARγ2 (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ 2), C/EBPβ (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β) and GLUT4. rSAA prevented the intracellular accumulation of lipids and, in fully differentiated cells, increased lipolysis and prevented 2-deoxy-[1,2-³H]-glucose uptake, which favors insulin resistance. Additionally, rSAA stimulated the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor α, and upregulated SAA3 mRNA expression during adipogenesis. CONCLUSIONS: We showed that rSAA enhanced proliferation and inhibited differentiation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and altered insulin sensitivity in differentiated cells. These results highlight the complex role of SAA in the adipogenic process and support a direct link between obesity and its co-morbidities such as type II diabetes.","dates":{"release":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","publication":"2012 Aug","modification":"2019-08-04T07:44:40Z","creation":"2019-08-04T07:44:40Z"},"accession":"S-EPMC3419975","cross_references":{"DOI":["10.1038/ijo.2011.193 "]}}