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SetTaf[[II]]250, Taf200, dTAF[[II]]230, TAF[[II]]250, d230, human being, dTAF[[II]]250, TAF[[II]]230, TFIID TAF250, cel, cell, TAF200, l(3)84Ab, dTAFII250, Taf1p, TAF[II]250, BG:DS00004.13, TAFII-250, CG17603, TAF250/230, man, TAF[[II]], EfW1, human, Cell, dTAF230, Mutations, dTAF250, dmTAF[[II]]230, TAFII250, DmelCG17603, TAF1., Taf250, dmTAF1, SR3-5, Taf230, p230, TAF[[II]]250/230, TFIID, TAF, TAF230, TAF250https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/gap/cgi-bin/study.cgi?study_id=phs001182Principal Investigator - Dmitry A. Gordenin, PhD - National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USAFunding Source - Project Z1AES103266 - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USAdbGaPthe integument, pelt, Skn-li, Feature, Human Figures, Visible Light, Long Term, Mutations, dmTAF[[II]]230, Readability, diseases, hnu, pathogenesis, diseases and disorders, Effect, foton, integumentum commune, human disease, Prognoses, Man (Taxonomy), TFIID TAF250, Genomes, cel, bases, dermoid system, Basen, entire skin, Parts, procedures, number of, Estimated, Body Parts and Fluids, genetic, Otf11, Fam91a1, Figure, Human Bodies, Body Parts, Homo sapiens disease, AV220772, Long-Term Effects, skin and subcutaneous tissue, gamma, dTAF[[II]]230, Radiation, wide/broad, PLATEST, Nucleobase, Modern, familial, Longterm Effect, TAF200, Light, integumental organ, extra or missing physical or functional parts, TAFII-250, TAF250/230, TAFII250, LIGHT, BC033609, Base2, Base1, Diseases, median, Visible Radiations, DNA Injury, DNA Injuries, Visible Radiation, Factors, HVEML, Prognostic, pooled, exposed, CG17603, Features, TAF[[II]], human, mKIAA0493, disease, wide, vertebrate epidermis, light quantum, Genotoxic, Taf250, SR3-5, Base, medical condition., inherited genetic, entire integument, DNA, dermal system, time, Platelets, TAF230, Fibroblast, humans, base, Prognostic Factor, dermis plus epidermis plus hypodermis, other disease, d230, region of skin, human being, Effects, Bodies, Otf-11, number, dTAFII250, Prognostic Factors, broad, EfW1, epidermis, Human, Ly113, period, Homo sapiens, dmTAF1, Taf230, disease or disorder, light, Man, TAF250, Skn-1a, Taf200, Injury, dTAF[[II]]250, skin, Longterm, cell, Lichtquant, Taf1p, causes, Long-Term, Visible, SKIN, man, non-neoplastic, dTAF250, skin organ, extruding from, has or lacks parts of type, causality, photon, disorder, Long-Term Effect, Characteristics, TR2, TAF, constitutitional genetic, TAF[[II]]250, Oct-11a, exits through, disorders, l(3)84Ab, skin zone, BG:DS00004.13, Factor, CD258, Cell, dTAF230, mereological quality, skin plus hypodermis, skin region, Oct11, Characteristic, p230, Long Term Effects, Mutageneses, TAF[[II]]250/230, TFIID, condition, Skin-1a, techniques, tegument, Skin, Radiations, Taf[[II]]250, Genotoxic Stress, TAF[[II]]230, HVEM-L, Photoradiation, vertebrate integument, DNA Lesion, Human Figure, TAF[II]250, Understanding, Body, Longterm Effects, LTg, Epoc-1, DNA Lesions, portion of skin, DmelCG17603, Photoradiations, integument, Figures, Modern Man, cardinality, Stress, nucleobases, hereditary, methodology, TAF1falseSomatic Mutation Load in Clones of Single Human Cells<p>Accumulation of genetic changes with time and proliferation of cells is inevitable. We report here the genome-wide magnitude and spectra of mutations accrued in skin fibroblasts over the lifetime of healthy humans. We found that every cell contains at least one somatic chromosomal rearrangement and 600 - 13,000 base substitutions, similar to the median mutation load in human cancers. The mutation spectra and correlation of changes with epigenomic features also resemble many human cancers. Interestingly, the magnitude of ultraviolet light-characteristic mutations, representative of environmental mutagenesis, in sun-exposed skin was comparable to the number of mutations attributed to endogenous DNA damage estimated in unexposed cells. Our methodology allows delineating the precise contributions of environmental and endogenous factors to the accrual of genetic changes in the human body. This is fundamental to understanding the etiology, and improving the prognosis and prevention of cancers and other genetic diseases.</p>2016-10-252016-08-03phs001182Clone Cells