GEOapplication/xmlftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/series/GSE132nnn/GSE132520/primaryOK200TranscriptomicsMus musculusExpression profiling by high throughput sequencinghttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE132520GEOGSEfalseRNA sequencing of poly(A+) transcriptome of quadriceps muscles from wildtype and CaMK2gVV/CaMK2gVV mice under sedentary and post-acute exercise conditionsReactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to health and disease. CaMKII is a widely expressed enzyme whose activation by oxidation of regulatory domain methionines (ox-CaMKII) contributes to cardiovascular disease, asthma, and cancer. Here we integrate comparative genomic and experimental data to show that CaMKII activation by ROS arose more than half-a-billion years ago on the vertebrate stem lineage where it constituted a bridge between ROS and increased intracellular Ca2+ release, exercise responsive gene transcription, and improved performance in skeletal muscle.  These enhancements to fight-or-flight physiology were likely key in facilitating a well-evidenced shift in the behavioural ecology of our immediate chordate ancestors, and, in turn, the evolutionary success of vertebrates. Still, the ox-CaMKII innovation must be considered a critical evolutionary trade-off, as it rendered us more susceptible to common and often fatal diseases by providing ROS an expanded role in those processes. This poly(A+) transcriptome profiling study examined the actue transcriptional response of mouse skeletal muscles three hours after a single bout of submaximal exericse in wildtype and mutant mice whose CaMKIIg cannot be activated by reactive oxygen species.2021/05/01GSE132520GSM3872555GSM3872556GSM3872557GSM3872558GSM3872562GSM3872551GSM3872563GSM3872552GSM3872553GSM3872554GSM3872559GSM3872548GSM3872549GSM3872560GSM3872561GSM387255024247SRP201066132520Mus musculus[34039988]