{"database":"GEO","file_versions":[{"headers":{"Content-Type":["application/json"]},"body":{"files":{"Other":["ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/series/GSE244nnn/GSE244444/"]},"type":"primary"},"statusCodeValue":200,"statusCode":"OK"}],"scores":null,"additional":{"omics_type":["Transcriptomics"],"species":["Homo sapiens"],"gds_type":[" Non-coding RNA profiling by high throughput sequencing","Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE244444"],"repository":["GEO"],"entry_type":["GSE"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"A human-specific microRNA controls the timing of excitatory synaptogenesis","description":"Neural circuit development in the human cortex is considerably prolonged in comparison to non-human primates, a trait that contributes to the remarkable cognitive capacity of modern humans. Here, we explore the regulatory role of non-coding RNAs, which dramatically expanded during brain evolution, in synapse development of human-induced pluripotent stem-cell derived neurons. We found that inhibition of a human-specific microRNA, miR-1229-3p, alters the trajectory of human neuronal maturation and enhances excitatory synaptic transmission. Transcriptome analysis following miR-1229 knockdown revealed a downregulation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encoded genes. We further show that miR-1229 regulates mitochondrial morphology, mtDNA abundance as well as mitophagy, and that stimulation of mitochondrial metabolism rescues decreased calcium buffering in miR-1229-3p depleted neurons. Accordingly, miR-1229 directly targets an entire network of genes involved in mitochondrial function and ER-associated protein homeostasis. Our findings reveal an important function of human-specific miR-1229-3p in developmental timing of human synaptogenesis and generally implicate non-coding RNAs in the control of human connectivity and cognition. This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.","dates":{"publication":"2025/10/30"},"accession":"GSE244444","cross_references":{"GSM":["GSM7816238","GSM7816239","GSM7816232","GSM7816199","GSM7816233","GSM7816197","GSM7816230","GSM7816198","GSM7816231","GSM7816236","GSM7816237","GSM9304009","GSM9304008","GSM7816234","GSM9304007","GSM7816235","GSM9304006","GSM7816191","GSM7816192","GSM7816190","GSM7816195","GSM7816196","GSM7816193","GSM7816194","GSM7816207","GSM7816208","GSM7816205","GSM7816206","GSM7816209","GSM7816200","GSM7816241","GSM7816242","GSM7816203","GSM7816204","GSM7816201","GSM7816202","GSM9304014","GSM9304013","GSM7816240","GSM9304012","GSM9304011","GSM9304010","GSM7816177","GSM7816178","GSM7816175","GSM7816176","GSM7816179","GSM7816170","GSM7816173","GSM7816174","GSM7816171","GSM7816172","GSM7816229","GSM7816227","GSM7816228","GSM7816188","GSM7816189","GSM7816222","GSM7816186","GSM7816187","GSM7816225","GSM7816226","GSM7816223","GSM7816224","GSM7816180","GSM7816181","GSM7816184","GSM7816185","GSM7816182","GSM7816183"],"GPL":["18573","24676"],"GSE":["244444"],"taxon":["Homo sapiens"]}}