{"database":"GEO","file_versions":[{"headers":{"Content-Type":["application/json"]},"body":{"files":{"Other":["ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/series/GSE278nnn/GSE278745/"]},"type":"primary"},"statusCodeValue":200,"statusCode":"OK"}],"scores":null,"additional":{"omics_type":["Transcriptomics"],"species":["Homo sapiens"],"gds_type":["Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE278745"],"repository":["GEO"],"entry_type":["GSE"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"The Effects of Refined Carbohydrates on Systemic Immunity: Results from a Randomized Controlled Feeding Trial","description":"Objective To explore the effects of three diets differing in amount and type of refined carbohydrates on peripheral immunity. Methods After a weight loss of 15% with a very low carbohydrate diet (VLCD), participants were randomized to isocaloric diets: VLCD diet; high carbohydrate diet with high starch content (HC-Starch); or high carbohydrate diet with high sugar content (HC-Sugar). Changes in peripheral immunity were assessed using a multimodal analyses before randomization and after 10 weeks of diet. Results Multiplexed cytokine analysis shows increased adipsin in HC-Starch and decreased adiponectin in HC-Sugar. Transcriptomics analysis shows upregulation of immune and metabolic pathways with HC-Starch, but reductions with HC-Sugar. CyTOF revealed significant shifts in NK cell populations and increased inflammatory markers in neutrophils and monocytes following consumption of HC-Starch. Conclusions Consumption of refined starch following weight loss on a VLCD increases circulating markers of immune activity, whereas sugar consumption reduces these markers. Keywords: dietary nutrients, immunity, refined starch, added sugar, VLCD, cytokines, gene expression, CyTOF, inflammation, immune cells. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT03394664","dates":{"publication":"2026/07/27"},"accession":"GSE278745","cross_references":{"GSM":["GSM8554105","GSM8554104","GSM8554107","GSM8554106","GSM8554109","GSM8554108","GSM8554064","GSM8554063","GSM8554066","GSM8554065","GSM8554068","GSM8554101","GSM8554100","GSM8554067","GSM8554103","GSM8554069","GSM8554102","GSM8554060","GSM8554062","GSM8554061","GSM8554039","GSM8554038","GSM8554031","GSM8554075","GSM8554074","GSM8554030","GSM8554077","GSM8554110","GSM8554033","GSM8554032","GSM8554076","GSM8554112","GSM8554079","GSM8554035","GSM8554034","GSM8554111","GSM8554078","GSM8554037","GSM8554113","GSM8554036","GSM8554071","GSM8554070","GSM8554073","GSM8554072","GSM8554049","GSM8554086","GSM8554042","GSM8554041","GSM8554085","GSM8554088","GSM8554044","GSM8554087","GSM8554043","GSM8554046","GSM8554089","GSM8554045","GSM8554048","GSM8554047","GSM8554080","GSM8554082","GSM8554081","GSM8554084","GSM8554040","GSM8554083","GSM8554097","GSM8554053","GSM8554052","GSM8554096","GSM8554055","GSM8554099","GSM8554054","GSM8554098","GSM8554057","GSM8554056","GSM8554059","GSM8554058","GSM8554091","GSM8554090","GSM8554093","GSM8554092","GSM8554051","GSM8554095","GSM8554094","GSM8554050"],"GPL":["20301"],"GSE":["278745"],"taxon":["Homo sapiens"]}}