{"database":"GEO","file_versions":[{"headers":{"Content-Type":["application/json"]},"body":{"files":{"Other":["ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/series/GSE303nnn/GSE303663/"]},"type":"primary"},"statusCode":"OK","statusCodeValue":200}],"scores":null,"additional":{"omics_type":["Transcriptomics"],"species":["Mus musculus"],"gds_type":["Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE303663"],"repository":["GEO"],"entry_type":["GSE"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"SKI is critical to counter TGF-β signaling to promote T cell function and autoimmunity","description":"TGF-b is an immune regulatory cytokine central to immune homeostasis, tolerance, and autoimmunity. As a major suppressor, how SKI is involved in the fundamental roles of TGF-β in suppressing T cell function in autoimmunity and self-tolerance remains unknown. Here, we found that SKI protein was increased in activated T cells while decreased in response to exogenous and endogenous TGF-β, indicating a counter-balance role for SKI and TGF-β in activated T cells. Indeed, not only SKI deletion in T cells led to ameliorated spontaneous lethal autoimmune disease in mice with T-cell-specific deletion of TGFβRII, but also mitigated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Further investigation revealed that SKI deletion caused reduced T cell proliferation and related molecular programs even without TGF-β signaling, associating with enhanced TGF-β-related molecular program. This reveals a previously unappreciated SKI-dependent mechanism of TGF-β signaling in T cells besides current paradigm to explain how TGF-β restricts autoimmunity and bolsters tolerance.","dates":{"publication":"2026/07/07"},"accession":"GSE303663","cross_references":{"GSM":["GSM9132359","GSM9132358","GSM9132357","GSM9132356","GSM9132355","GSM9132354","GSM9132353","GSM9132352","GSM9132351","GSM9132350","GSM9132361","GSM9132360"],"GPL":["24247"],"GSE":["303663"],"taxon":["Mus musculus"]}}