GEOapplication/xmlftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/series/GSE303nnn/GSE303822/primaryOK200GenomicsHomo sapiensGenome binding/occupancy profiling by high throughput sequencing Expression profiling by high throughput sequencinghttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE303822GEOGSEfalseATP2B1 expression identifies human hematopoietic stem cells across ontogeny with superior repopulation and self-renewal capacityLong-term hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSC) maintain lifelong hematopoiesis while preserving the stem cell compartment through self-renewal. The human LT-HSC compartment is molecularly and functionally heterogeneous and also varies across ontogeny. Dissecting the molecular basis for this variation is impeded by the absence of immunophenotypic markers to resolve LT-HSC heterogeneity. Here, we identified ATPase plasma membrane Ca2+transporting 1 (ATP2B1/PMCA1) as a novel cell surface marker that is heterogeneously expressed by CD49f+ LT-HSC across ontogeny. ATP2B1 immunophenotypic expression stratified human CD49f+ LT-HSC from fetal liver (FL), neonatal cord blood (CB) and adult mobilized peripheral blood (mPB) sources into functionally distinct subpopulations in single-cell (sc) clonogenic assays. CD49f+ATP2B1+ LT-HSC exhibited superior long-term repopulation and self-renewal capacities in vivo compared to CD49f+ATP2B1– LT-HSC. Molecular profiling by scMultiome and immunofluorescence microscopy point to enrichment of an HSC self-renewal program that includes the TFEB-endolysosomal axis in CD49f+ATP2B1+ LT-HSC. Our study provides a new tool to dissect the heterogeneous molecular programs in LT-HSC across ontogeny.2026/04/17GSE303822GSM9136555GSM913655634281303822Homo sapiens