GEOapplication/xmlftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/series/GSE304nnn/GSE304197/primary200OKTranscriptomicsMus musculusExpression profiling by high throughput sequencinghttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE304197GEOGSEfalseLocal niche-derived immunosuppressive CXCR2+ cells impair antiviral immunity [RNA-seq]The severity of symptoms after viral infection varies between individuals, yet the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. We categorized mice with varying severity into recovering and non-recovering groups after infection of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). We revealed that non-recovering mice expressed higher levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines in the olfactory bulb (OB) where VSV initially expand. Importantly, CXCR2+ cells resembling immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) were more abundant in the OB of non-recovering mice than in that of recovering mice after VSV infection. Depleting CXCR2+ MDSC-like cells from the brain increased inflammatory responses and the animal’s survival after infection. Furthermore, site-specific labeling of cells derived from the skull-bone marrow (skull-BM) indicated that a significant fraction of CXCR2+ MDSC-like cells in the OB originate from the skull-BM. This study unveiled the lethal effects of CXCR2+ MDSC-like cells on local immune responses to viral infection, highlighting their therapeutic potential for antiviral defense.2026/09/05GSE304197GSM9144910GSM9144909GSM9144911GSM91449123215930172304197Mus musculus