GEOapplication/xmlftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/series/GSE307nnn/GSE307959/primaryOK200TranscriptomicsMus musculusExpression profiling by high throughput sequencinghttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE307959GEOGSEfalseMembrane Fusion Inhibition, Immune Modulation, and Cholesterol Synthesis Dysregulation During Dengue Virus Inhibition by 25-HydroxycholesterolPhysicochemical properties and composition of cellular membranes are crucial for regulating broad cellular responses including signaling and defense against pathogens. Dengue virus (DENV) exploits cholesterol-rich membranes and host lipid pathways, such as cholesterol biosynthesis, lipid raft organization, and lipid droplet formation, for entry, replication, and assembly. Additionally, lipid-based plasma membrane signaling can trigger innate immune responses that attenuate viral growth, underscoring the dual role of lipids in facilitating and restricting DENV infection. Here, we demonstrate that 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-HC), an oxidized cholesterol metabolite, inhibits DENV infection through a multifaceted mechanism. 25-HC disrupts viral membrane fusion by altering cholesterol distribution and lipid raft organization, impairing the binding and fusion of the DENV envelope (E) protein with host membranes. Additionally, 25-HC modulates host cholesterol metabolism by suppressing biosynthesis pathways essential for viral replication while enhancing lipid droplet formation and stress-response pathways. Transcriptomic analyses reveal that 25-HC primes innate immune responses, activating pro-inflammatory pathways such as the NLRP3 inflammasome and MAPK signaling, while selectively modulating interferon-stimulated gene expression. Notably, 25-HC exhibits synergistic antiviral effects when combined with direct-acting antivirals like Remdesivir, underscoring its potential in combination therapies. These findings establish 25-HC as a promising candidate for host-directed antiviral strategies against DENV and other enveloped viruses.2026/04/07GSE307959GSM9234651GSM9234650GSM9234649GSM9234646GSM9234645GSM9234648GSM9234647GSM923465234290307959Mus musculus