{"database":"GEO","file_versions":[{"headers":{"Content-Type":["application/json"]},"body":{"files":{"Other":["ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/series/GSE308nnn/GSE308973/"]},"type":"primary"},"statusCode":"OK","statusCodeValue":200}],"scores":null,"additional":{"omics_type":["Transcriptomics"],"species":["Homo sapiens"],"gds_type":["Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE308973"],"repository":["GEO"],"entry_type":["GSE"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Localized PD-1 CAR T therapy reprograms neuroinflammation - human CSF data.","description":"B cell-depleting therapies are effective in multiple sclerosis (MS), yet many patients progress toward disability, highlighting the need for improved interventions. To identify new therapeutic targets, we generated a single-cell RNA-seq atlas of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), brain, and blood from non-inflammatory controls and patients with MS or other neuroinflammatory diseases. We found disease-associated enrichment of class-switched IgG⁺ B cells and plasma cells in the CSF of patients with MS. Unbiased analysis revealed a rare subset of activated PD-1⁺, TCR-restricted, B-cell recruiting T follicular helper-like cells enriched in MS CSF. To therapeutically target this population, we developed PD-1-directed CAR T cells that selectively depleted pathogenic PD-1⁺ CD4 T cells. In a murine model of neuroinflammation, this approach attenuated CNS inflammation and improved clinical outcomes, particularly when using an IL-10-armored CAR construct. These findings establish a cellular framework for CNS-localized adaptive immunity in MS and outline a strategy for its selective disruption.","dates":{"publication":"2026/07/21"},"accession":"GSE308973","cross_references":{"GSM":["GSM9257609","GSM9257608","GSM9257607","GSM9257606","GSM9257652","GSM9257651","GSM9257650","GSM9257612","GSM9257656","GSM9257655","GSM9257611","GSM9257654","GSM9257610","GSM9257653","GSM9257616","GSM9257615","GSM9257659","GSM9257614","GSM9257658","GSM9257657","GSM9257613","GSM9257639","GSM9257641","GSM9257640","GSM9257645","GSM9257601","GSM9257600","GSM9257644","GSM9257643","GSM9257642","GSM9257649","GSM9257605","GSM9257604","GSM9257648","GSM9257603","GSM9257647","GSM9257646","GSM9257602","GSM9257629","GSM9257628","GSM9257593","GSM9257670","GSM9257592","GSM9257591","GSM9257597","GSM9257674","GSM9257630","GSM9257673","GSM9257596","GSM9257595","GSM9257672","GSM9257594","GSM9257671","GSM9257634","GSM9257678","GSM9257677","GSM9257633","GSM9257632","GSM9257676","GSM9257599","GSM9257598","GSM9257675","GSM9257631","GSM9257638","GSM9257637","GSM9257636","GSM9257635","GSM9257619","GSM9257618","GSM9257617","GSM9257663","GSM9257662","GSM9257661","GSM9257660","GSM9257623","GSM9257667","GSM9257666","GSM9257622","GSM9257621","GSM9257665","GSM9257620","GSM9257664","GSM9257627","GSM9257626","GSM9257669","GSM9257625","GSM9257624","GSM9257668"],"GPL":["34281"],"GSE":["308973"],"taxon":["Homo sapiens"]}}