GEOapplication/xmlftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/series/GSE309nnn/GSE309328/primaryOK200OtherHomo sapiensOtherhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE309328GEOGSEfalseEffect of elongation factors on RNA polymerase II measured by "Gene-specific Analysis of Transcriptional Output"Promoter proximal pausing by RNA polymerase II is critical for regulating gene expression in multicellular eukaryotes. How nucleic acid sequence and protein factors contribute to pausing remains unclear. We developed Gene-specific Analysis of Transcriptional Output (GATO)-seq, a massively parallel, temporally resolved, fully reconstituted transcription assay that uses direct RNA sequencing to map 3’ ends of nascent transcripts. GATO-seq identified a “super pause” sequence that is highly enriched near promoters of mammalian genes and potently induces RNA polymerase II pausing. The elongation factors TFIIS, DSIF, and NELF appear to regulate RNA polymerase II activity in a sequence dependent manner. These results show that nucleic acid sequence encodes pausing propensity and traps sequence specific offline states, linking sequence to pausing control.2026/10/01GSE309328GSM9265750GSM9265751GSM9265752GSM9265730GSM9265731GSM9265753GSM9265754GSM9265732GSM9265755GSM9265733GSM9265734GSM9265746GSM9265747GSM9265748GSM9265749GSM9265740GSM9265741GSM9265742GSM9265743GSM9265744GSM9265745GSM9265735GSM9265736GSM9265737GSM9265738GSM926573924106309328Homo sapiens