{"database":"GEO","file_versions":[{"headers":{"Content-Type":["application/json"]},"body":{"files":{"Other":["ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/series/GSE310nnn/GSE310111/"]},"type":"primary"},"statusCode":"OK","statusCodeValue":200}],"scores":null,"additional":{"omics_type":["Transcriptomics"],"species":["Homo sapiens"],"gds_type":["Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE310111"],"repository":["GEO"],"entry_type":["GSE"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Dual antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects of BAY 11-7082 in SARS-CoV-2 infection via inhibition of the canonical NF-κB signaling pathway","description":"The continued emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants and persistent inflammatory complications of COVID-19 highlight the urgent need for therapeutics with both antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties. Despite intensive global efforts, no approved antiviral therapy with these dual functions has yet been developed, representing a significant gap in current COVID-19 treatment strategies. In this study, we identify BAY 11-7082 (BAY) as a dual–action compound that inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication and the production of virus-induced proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including IL-6, IL-8, CXCL1, and CXCL2. BAY predominantly exerts its antiviral activity at the post-entry stage of the viral life cycle. Mechanistically, BAY potentially interacts with SARS-CoV-2 NSP14 and inhibits virus-induced phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα, suppressing NF-κB activation through the IKK-IκBα signaling axis. Furthermore, BAY exhibits potent antiviral activity against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs). Collectively, these findings support the potential of BAY as a dual-action therapeutic candidate, combining antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects, against SARS-CoV-2 and its emerging variants.","dates":{"publication":"2026/04/03"},"accession":"GSE310111","cross_references":{"GSM":["GSM9288600","GSM9288589","GSM9288597","GSM9288596","GSM9288599","GSM9288598","GSM9288593","GSM9288592","GSM9288595","GSM9288594","GSM9288591","GSM9288590"],"GPL":["34281"],"GSE":["310111"],"taxon":["Homo sapiens"]}}