{"database":"GEO","file_versions":[{"headers":{"Content-Type":["application/json"]},"body":{"files":{"Other":["ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/series/GSE311nnn/GSE311159/"]},"type":"primary"},"statusCode":"OK","statusCodeValue":200}],"scores":null,"additional":{"omics_type":["Transcriptomics"],"species":["Homo sapiens"],"gds_type":["Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE311159"],"repository":["GEO"],"entry_type":["GSE"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Enhanced immune response of human iPSC-macrophages via animal-free manufacturing processes","description":"Studying human macrophages in vitro is crucial for understanding their immune functions. Recent interest in macrophages derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-Mac) has led to various differentiation protocols, often using undefined animal serum like fetal bovine serum (FBS). This study compared FBS-based media to the defined medium X-VIVO™ 15 containing human serum albumin (hSA). Both produced functional macrophages, but those in hSA displayed a neutral activation state, enhanced cholesterol metabolism, and more significant changes in surface phenotype after stimulation. They also had a stronger response to co-stimulatory signals, making them better for testing immunomodulatory drugs. In contrast, FBS-grown macrophages were more adherent and pre-activated, showing reduced sensitivity upon stimulation, which may pose challenges for drug screening and immunomodulatory evaluations.","dates":{"publication":"2026/04/22"},"accession":"GSE311159","cross_references":{"GSM":["GSM9320333","GSM9320334","GSM9320332","GSM9320337","GSM9320335","GSM9320336"],"GPL":["34284"],"GSE":["311159"],"taxon":["Homo sapiens"],"PMID":["[41964059]"]}}