GEOapplication/xmlftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/series/GSE311nnn/GSE311159/primaryOK200TranscriptomicsHomo sapiensExpression profiling by high throughput sequencinghttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE311159GEOGSEfalseEnhanced immune response of human iPSC-macrophages via animal-free manufacturing processesStudying human macrophages in vitro is crucial for understanding their immune functions. Recent interest in macrophages derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-Mac) has led to various differentiation protocols, often using undefined animal serum like fetal bovine serum (FBS). This study compared FBS-based media to the defined medium X-VIVO™ 15 containing human serum albumin (hSA). Both produced functional macrophages, but those in hSA displayed a neutral activation state, enhanced cholesterol metabolism, and more significant changes in surface phenotype after stimulation. They also had a stronger response to co-stimulatory signals, making them better for testing immunomodulatory drugs. In contrast, FBS-grown macrophages were more adherent and pre-activated, showing reduced sensitivity upon stimulation, which may pose challenges for drug screening and immunomodulatory evaluations.2026/04/22GSE311159GSM9320333GSM9320334GSM9320332GSM9320337GSM9320335GSM932033634284311159Homo sapiens[41964059]