GEOapplication/xmlftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/series/GSE313nnn/GSE313102/primaryOK200TranscriptomicsBacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis NCIB 3610 = ATCC 6051 = DSM 10Expression profiling by high throughput sequencinghttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE313102GEOGSEfalseStandalone RNA-seq from Direct regulation of a tRNA modification enzyme by ppGpp links stress signaling to translational control and biofilm developmenttRNA modifications influence decoding efficiency and translational fidelity, yet how they are integrated into bacterial signaling networks remains poorly understood. Here, we identify a direct connection between stress signaling and codon-specific translational regulation. We show that the alarmone ppGpp directly inhibits MnmE (TrmE), a conserved GTPase required for wobble uridine modification. High-resolution ribosome profiling in Bacillus subtilis revealed that loss of MnmE selectively increases ribosome pausing at AAG codons and reprograms translation of a subset of genes, including small open reading frames. Among these is a previously unrecognized AAG-containing leader peptide that controls expression of the biofilm repressor AbrB. Consistent with this mechanism, mnmE mutants exhibit constitutive extracellular matrix production and bypass the biofilm defect of a relA mutant. Together, these findings establish a pathway linking ppGpp signaling, tRNA modification, codon-specific translation, and multicellular development.2026/09/25GSE313102GSM9361019GSM9361018GSM9361017GSM9361001GSM9361023GSM9361022GSM9361000GSM9361021GSM9361020GSM9361005GSM9361004GSM9361003GSM9361024GSM9361002GSM9361009GSM9360997GSM9360998GSM9361008GSM9360995GSM9361007GSM9361006GSM9360996GSM9360999GSM9361012GSM9361011GSM9361010GSM9361016GSM9361015GSM9361014GSM93610133207536404313102Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis NCIB 3610 = ATCC 6051 = DSM 10