GEOapplication/xmlftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/series/GSE316nnn/GSE316637/primaryOK200GenomicsArabidopsis thalianaNon-coding RNA profiling by high throughput sequencing Expression profiling by high throughput sequencinghttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE316637GEOGSEfalseImmunization by mobile virus-derived siRNAs is crucial for plant antiviral silencingThe movement of virus-derived (v)siRNAs between plant cells has prompted the widely held assumption that they help immunize as-yet-uninfected tissues. Ascertaining this role is challenging because it requires uncoupling vsiRNA mobility from viral movement while preserving viral virulence. Consequently, the contribution of non-cell-autonomous RNAi to plant antiviral immunity remains essentially unknown. Here, we investigated the naturally phloem-restricted infection of turnip yellows virus (TuYV) in the stereotypical Arabidopsis root system at cellular resolution. We uncovered intertwined, complex mechanisms operating in both vsiRNA-emitting and -recipient cells, that drive reiterated short-range (~3-4 cell) immunization events. We found that, while intracellular antiviral RNAi is nullified by TuYV, non-cell-autonomous immunization accounts mainly —if not exclusively— for the containment of viral tissue invasion, titers and symptoms severity at the whole-plant scale. Mobile vsiRNA-mediated immunization likewise spatially confines a TuYV unrelated virus over ~3-4 cells, uncovering a generic, essential, yet previously unexplored component of plant antiviral defence.2026/07/17GSE316637GSM9629000GSM9457255GSM9457256GSM9628999GSM9457257GSM94572543460826208316637Arabidopsis thaliana