{"database":"GEO","file_versions":[{"headers":{"Content-Type":["application/json"]},"body":{"files":{"Other":["ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/series/GSE317nnn/GSE317438/"]},"type":"primary"},"statusCode":"OK","statusCodeValue":200}],"scores":null,"additional":{"omics_type":["Transcriptomics"],"species":["Homo sapiens"],"gds_type":["Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE317438"],"repository":["GEO"],"entry_type":["GSE"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"ESRG maintains human pluripotent stem cell self-renewal by binding NPM1 to regulate BMP4 protein and TGF-β signaling pathway","description":"Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) present considerable potential for regenerative medicine; however, their clinical application is hindered by an incomplete understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing self-renewal. The long non-coding RNA ESRG is integral to maintaining hPSC self-renewal, with its depletion leading to reduced levels of nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) protein, thereby compromising the self-renewal capacity of hPSCs. Mechanistically, ESRG physically interacts with NPM1, and a reduction in ESRG/NPM1 expression results in elevated bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) levels and decreased polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTBP1) levels, which subsequently suppress TGF-β signaling by destabilizing TGF-β1 mRNA. Notably, treatment with the TGF-β activator SRI-011381 partially mitigates the self-renewal defects induced by ESRG or NPM1 downregulation. Collectively, our findings elucidate that the ESRG/NPM1/BMP4/PTBP1/TGF-β axis precisely regulates hPSC self-renewal. This study enhances the understanding of the molecular regulatory network underlying hPSC self-renewal maintenance and identifies ESRG as a potential target for optimizing hPSC in vitro expansion, thereby advancing the field of regenerative medicine.","dates":{"publication":"2026/07/22"},"accession":"GSE317438","cross_references":{"GSM":["GSM9472238","GSM9472235","GSM9472243","GSM9472244","GSM9472241","GSM9472242"],"GPL":["11154"],"GSE":["317438"],"taxon":["Homo sapiens"],"PMID":["[42115915]"]}}