{"database":"GEO","file_versions":[{"headers":{"Content-Type":["application/json"]},"body":{"files":{"Other":["ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/series/GSE324nnn/GSE324706/"]},"type":"primary"},"statusCode":"OK","statusCodeValue":200}],"scores":null,"additional":{"omics_type":["Genomics"],"species":["Mus musculus"],"gds_type":["Non-coding RNA profiling by high throughput sequencing"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE324706"],"repository":["GEO"],"entry_type":["GSE"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Mitochondrial tRNA-derived fragments link mtDNA variation to metastatic burden [lung]","description":"How mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) polymorphisms influence complex phenotypes remains poorly understood. Using Mitochondrial-Nuclear eXchange (MNX) mice, we previously showed that mtDNA single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) modify metastasis, cardiovascular disease, and epigenetic marks independently of metabolic differences, suggesting a role for non-protein-coding loci. The only SNP correlating with these phenotypes resides in the gene encoding mitochondrial tRNA-Arginine (mt-tRNAArg (UCG), mt-TR). Here we identify and preliminarily characterize previously undescribed tRNA-derived fragments (tRF) generated from mt-TR. Northern blotting revealed distinct tRF that are differentially expressed between lung and liver and between sexes. Small RNA sequencing failed to capture these tRF unless samples were pre-treated to enzymatically remove non-canonical RNA termini and base methylation. Focusing on fragments with complete homology to mt-TR, the two most abundant tRF align uniquely to the mitochondrial genome and share conserved cleavage sites. Together, these findings uncover mitochondrial-derived tRF as a previously unrecognized small RNA metastasis modifiers and expand the functional output of the mitochondrial genome, supporting a model in which mtDNA-encoded tRF contribute to phenotype modification.","dates":{"publication":"2026/08/07"},"accession":"GSE324706","cross_references":{"GSM":["GSM9583239","GSM9583243","GSM9583287","GSM9583286","GSM9583242","GSM9583245","GSM9583244","GSM9583288","GSM9583247","GSM9583246","GSM9583249","GSM9583248","GSM9583281","GSM9583280","GSM9583283","GSM9583282","GSM9583241","GSM9583285","GSM9583240","GSM9583284","GSM9583229","GSM9583228","GSM9583232","GSM9583276","GSM9583231","GSM9583275","GSM9583234","GSM9583278","GSM9583277","GSM9583233","GSM9583236","GSM9583235","GSM9583279","GSM9583238","GSM9583237","GSM9583270","GSM9583272","GSM9583271","GSM9583274","GSM9583230","GSM9583273","GSM9583218","GSM9583217","GSM9583219","GSM9583221","GSM9583265","GSM9583220","GSM9583264","GSM9583223","GSM9583267","GSM9583266","GSM9583222","GSM9583269","GSM9583225","GSM9583224","GSM9583268","GSM9583227","GSM9583226","GSM9583261","GSM9583260","GSM9583263","GSM9583262","GSM9583254","GSM9583253","GSM9583256","GSM9583255","GSM9583258","GSM9583257","GSM9583216","GSM9583215","GSM9583259","GSM9583250","GSM9583252","GSM9583251"],"GPL":["21626"],"GSE":["324706"],"taxon":["Mus musculus"],"PMID":["[42579886]"]}}