{"database":"GEO","file_versions":[{"headers":{"Content-Type":["application/json"]},"body":{"files":{"Other":["ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/series/GSE324nnn/GSE324824/"]},"type":"primary"},"statusCode":"OK","statusCodeValue":200}],"scores":null,"additional":{"omics_type":["Transcriptomics"],"species":["Homo sapiens"],"gds_type":["Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE324824"],"repository":["GEO"],"entry_type":["GSE"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Anti-CD19 CAR T cell therapy induces CNS-specific immune alterations in multiple sclerosis","description":"Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory central nervous system (CNS) disease. Although current immunotherapies control relapses, they have limited impact on progression, likely due to poor CNS penetration and failure to target meningeal B cell follicles and activated myeloid cells. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells can infiltrate tissues, but their ability to access and eliminate CNS-resident immune cells has remained unclear. We treated five individuals with progressive or relapsing-remitting MS with anti-CD19 CAR T cells to assess safety, CNS bioavailability, and compartment-specific effects. Treatment was well tolerated and induced profound remodeling of the CNS B cell pool, with sustained reduction of cerebrospinal fluid humoral biomarkers. CNS-infiltrating CAR T cells selectively upregulated PDE7B, suggesting a CNS-specific biomarker and trafficking mediator. Peripheral B cell reconstitution showed altered cytokine and homing profiles. These findings indicate compartment-specific immunomodulation beyond peripheral B cell depletion and support controlled trials to test durability and efficacy.","dates":{"publication":"2026/09/15"},"accession":"GSE324824","cross_references":{"GSM":["GSM9586849","GSM9586859","GSM9586869","GSM9586858","GSM9586864","GSM9586853","GSM9586863","GSM9586852","GSM9586862","GSM9586851","GSM9586861","GSM9586850","GSM9586857","GSM9586868","GSM9586867","GSM9586856","GSM9586866","GSM9586855","GSM9586854","GSM9586865","GSM9586860"],"GPL":["24676"],"GSE":["324824"],"taxon":["Homo sapiens"]}}