{"database":"GEO","file_versions":[{"headers":{"Content-Type":["application/json"]},"body":{"files":{"Other":["ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/series/GSE325nnn/GSE325414/"]},"type":"primary"},"statusCode":"OK","statusCodeValue":200}],"scores":null,"additional":{"omics_type":["Transcriptomics"],"species":["Homo sapiens"],"gds_type":["Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE325414"],"repository":["GEO"],"entry_type":["GSE"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Pulsed Electric Field Ablation Reprograms Tumor Immunity and Stimulates Germinal Center Formation in Tertiary Lymphoid Structures in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer","description":"Purpose: This treat-and-resect clinical study evaluated a specialized form of pulsed electric field (PEF) ablation’s potential to modulate antitumor immunity in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are lymphoid aggregates that recruit immune cells into the tumor microenvironment (TME) and serve as immunity-generating neighborhoods. TLS with germinal centers (GC) have strong prognostic value in most cancers and promote tumor control and responsiveness to immune-based therapies, but no commercially available therapeutics induce their formation. The Aliya System is a proprietary electrosurgical technology that delivers microsecond electrical pulses to tissue, achieving tumor clearance while maintaining stromal architecture. Patients and Methods: Treatment group patients received ablation immediately after diagnostic biopsy versus a biopsy-only control group. Herein we report on exploratory endpoints examining immune modulation in blood and tumor samples collected from patients in both groups. Results: Histopathological assessments revealed the presence of TLS with GC in resected tumors. Tissue cytokine assessments and single-cell RNA sequencing demonstrated upregulation of cytokines capable of recruiting and organizing TLS-associated lymphocytes, including CXCL13, and significant increases in GC-related immune populations, including class-switched memory B cells and plasma cells in ablated tumors versus pre-ablation biopsies. Ablation group patients had more tumors containing TLS with GC (47%) vs. control (24%). Ablation group patients exhibited enhanced systemic immunity, with increased serum HMGB1 and circulating cytotoxic T cells. Conclusions: This specialized PEF may orchestrate multiple simultaneous changes that promote a more immunologically active TME and represent a new approach for improving immunotherapeutic regimen responses in NSCLC patients.","dates":{"publication":"2026/06/10"},"accession":"GSE325414","cross_references":{"GSM":["GSM9602805","GSM9602849","GSM9602848","GSM9602804","GSM9602807","GSM9602806","GSM9602845","GSM9602801","GSM9602800","GSM9602844","GSM9602803","GSM9602847","GSM9602846","GSM9602802","GSM9602841","GSM9602840","GSM9602843","GSM9602842","GSM9602791","GSM9602790","GSM9602838","GSM9602837","GSM9602839","GSM9602834","GSM9602833","GSM9602836","GSM9602835","GSM9602797","GSM9602830","GSM9602796","GSM9602832","GSM9602799","GSM9602831","GSM9602798","GSM9602793","GSM9602792","GSM9602795","GSM9602794","GSM9602819","GSM9602827","GSM9602826","GSM9602829","GSM9602828","GSM9602823","GSM9602789","GSM9602822","GSM9602825","GSM9602824","GSM9602788","GSM9602821","GSM9602820","GSM9602809","GSM9602808","GSM9602816","GSM9602815","GSM9602818","GSM9602817","GSM9602812","GSM9602811","GSM9602814","GSM9602813","GSM9602852","GSM9602851","GSM9602854","GSM9602810","GSM9602853","GSM9602850"],"GPL":["24676"],"GSE":["325414"],"taxon":["Homo sapiens"]}}