{"database":"GEO","file_versions":[{"headers":{"Content-Type":["application/json"]},"body":{"files":{"Csv":["ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/series/GSE326nnn/GSE326313/suppl/GSE326313_raw_counts.csv.gz"],"Other":["ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/series/GSE326nnn/GSE326313/"]},"type":"primary"},"statusCode":"OK","statusCodeValue":200}],"scores":null,"additional":{"omics_type":["Transcriptomics"],"species":["Homo sapiens"],"gds_type":["Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE326313"],"repository":["GEO"],"entry_type":["GSE"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Integrative analysis reveals ciliary dysfunction and compartmentalized LCN2 expression as distinct features of COVID-19 [PBMC]","description":"The unique pulmonary pathophysiology of COVID-19 compared with other respiratory viral infections remains poorly understood. We performed integrative bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from patients with COVID-19 (n=24) or influenza (n=10) and healthy controls (n=10). While influenza primarily induced conventional inflammatory responses, COVID-19 triggered distinct microenvironmental remodeling characterized by a specific cilium-related gene signature (e.g., DNAH9, FOXJ1) and expansion of ciliated and airway epithelial cells. Cross-tissue comparison with peripheral blood mononuclear cells uncovered a compartmentalized immune response, particularly for Lipocalin-2 (LCN2), which showed opposite expression trends between the lung and systemic circulation. This study identifies ciliary dysfunction and epithelial-immune crosstalk as key features distinguishing COVID-19 from influenza and highlights epithelial-derived LCN2 as a robust, compartmentalized biomarker for disease severity.","dates":{"publication":"2026/04/03"},"accession":"GSE326313","cross_references":{"GSM":["GSM9628998","GSM9628994","GSM9628995","GSM9628996","GSM9628997"],"GPL":["29480"],"GSE":["326313"],"taxon":["Homo sapiens"]}}