GEOapplication/xmlftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/series/GSE326nnn/GSE326453/primaryOK200TranscriptomicsHomo sapiensExpression profiling by high throughput sequencinghttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE326453GEOGSEfalseBiomass Combustion Produces Hormone-like Pollutants: An Ignored SourceBiomass burning, including household fuels and wildfires, affects billions globally, yet the unique health-related chemical components of PM2.5 emitted from these sources remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that combustion of biomass—yak dung and pine—generates abundant hormone-like components within PM2.5, including natural, synthetic steroids and endocrine disruptors such as estradiol, testosterone enanthate and bisphenol A. Integrated network toxicology and whole-transcriptome sequencing reveal that these hormone compounds may exert distinct, fuel-specific respiratory toxicity by targeting critical genes (e.g., HIF1A or INHBA), functions (e.g., regulation of progesterone secretion or protein serine/threonine kinase activity) and pathways (e.g., vitamin digestion and absorption or RNA polymerase) via multi-level RNA regulation and mutagenic events. Our modelling estimates that mitigating this exposure could prevent ~66,000 premature deaths and yield economic benefits exceeding $11 billion annually. These findings uncover a previously unrecognized class of environmental hormonal pollutants generated by biomass combustion, redefine the health risks of air pollution, and provide a mechanistic foundation for advancing environmental justice and achieving Sustainable Development Goals in vulnerable populations worldwide.2026/04/03GSE326453GSM9631919GSM9631918GSM9631917GSM9631916GSM9631915GSM9631914GSM9631913GSM9631912GSM963191118460326453Homo sapiens