{"database":"GEO","file_versions":[{"headers":{"Content-Type":["application/json"]},"body":{"files":{"Other":["ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/series/GSE327nnn/GSE327494/"]},"type":"primary"},"statusCode":"OK","statusCodeValue":200}],"scores":null,"additional":{"omics_type":["Transcriptomics"],"species":["Mus musculus"],"gds_type":["Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE327494"],"repository":["GEO"],"entry_type":["GSE"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Localized PD-1 CAR T therapy reprograms neuroinflammation - mouse CAR T data.","description":"B cell-depleting therapies are effective in multiple sclerosis (MS), yet many patients continue to accumulate disability, underscoring the need for more precise interventions. To identify new therapeutic targets, we generated a single-cell RNA-seq atlas of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), brain, and blood from non-inflammatory controls and patients with MS or other neuroinflammatory diseases. We found disease-associated enrichment of class-switched IgG⁺ B cells and plasma cells in the CSF of patients with MS. Unbiased analysis further identified a rare subset of activated, TCR-restricted, PD-1⁺ T follicular helper-like cells with B-cell recruiting features that was enriched in the CSF of patients with MS. To target this population therapeutically, we developed PD-1-directed CAR T cells that selectively depleted pathogenic PD-1⁺ CD4 T cells and, in armored versions, released IL-10 at inflammatory sites. This strategy attenuated CNS inflammation, reprogrammed the local immune milieu, and improved clinical outcomes across murine neuroinflammation models. Together, these findings define a cellular framework for CNS-localized adaptive immunity in MS and nominate a selective strategy to disrupt it.","dates":{"publication":"2026/07/21"},"accession":"GSE327494","cross_references":{"GSM":["GSM9659459","GSM9659579","GSM9659458","GSM9659457","GSM9659578","GSM9659699","GSM9659456","GSM9659577","GSM9659698","GSM9659697","GSM9659455","GSM9659576","GSM9659454","GSM9659575","GSM9659696","GSM9659574","GSM9659695","GSM9659453","GSM9659694","GSM9659452","GSM9659573","GSM9659451","GSM9659572","GSM9659693","GSM9659571","GSM9659692","GSM9659450","GSM9659691","GSM9659570","GSM9659690","GSM9659449","GSM9659448","GSM9659569","GSM9659568","GSM9659689","GSM9659688","GSM9659567","GSM9659566","GSM9659687","GSM9659565","GSM9659686","GSM9659685","GSM9659564","GSM9659563","GSM9659684","GSM9659562","GSM9659683","GSM9659561","GSM9659682","GSM9659560","GSM9659681","GSM9659680","GSM9659479","GSM9659478","GSM9659599","GSM9659477","GSM9659598","GSM9659476","GSM9659597","GSM9659475","GSM9659596","GSM9659474","GSM9659595","GSM9659594","GSM9659473","GSM9659472","GSM9659593","GSM9659471","GSM9659592","GSM9659591","GSM9659470","GSM9659590","GSM9659469","GSM9659468","GSM9659589","GSM9659588","GSM9659467","GSM9659466","GSM9659587","GSM9659465","GSM9659586","GSM9659585","GSM9659464","GSM9659463","GSM9659584","GSM9659462","GSM9659583","GSM9659582","GSM9659461","GSM9659460","GSM9659581","GSM9659580","GSM9659537","GSM9659658","GSM9659657","GSM9659536","GSM9659535","GSM9659656","GSM9659534","GSM9659655","GSM9659654","GSM9659533","GSM9659532","GSM9659653","GSM9659531","GSM9659652","GSM9659651","GSM9659530","GSM9659539","GSM9659538","GSM9659659","GSM9659650","GSM9659526","GSM9659647","GSM9659525","GSM9659646","GSM9659645","GSM9659524","GSM9659523","GSM9659644","GSM9659522","GSM9659643","GSM9659642","GSM9659521","GSM9659520","GSM9659641","GSM9659640","GSM9659529","GSM9659528","GSM9659649","GSM9659648","GSM9659527","GSM9659559","GSM9659558","GSM9659679","GSM9659557","GSM9659678","GSM9659677","GSM9659556","GSM9659555","GSM9659676","GSM9659554","GSM9659675","GSM9659674","GSM9659553","GSM9659552","GSM9659673","GSM9659551","GSM9659672","GSM9659671","GSM9659550","GSM9659670","GSM9659548","GSM9659669","GSM9659668","GSM9659547","GSM9659546","GSM9659667","GSM9659545","GSM9659666","GSM9659665","GSM9659544","GSM9659543","GSM9659664","GSM9659542","GSM9659663","GSM9659541","GSM9659662","GSM9659549","GSM9659540","GSM9659661","GSM9659660","GSM9659614","GSM9659735","GSM9659734","GSM9659613","GSM9659612","GSM9659733","GSM9659611","GSM9659732","GSM9659731","GSM9659610","GSM9659730","GSM9659619","GSM9659618","GSM9659739","GSM9659617","GSM9659738","GSM9659737","GSM9659616","GSM9659615","GSM9659736","GSM9659603","GSM9659724","GSM9659602","GSM9659723","GSM9659601","GSM9659722","GSM9659600","GSM9659721","GSM9659720","GSM9659609","GSM9659608","GSM9659729","GSM9659728","GSM9659607","GSM9659606","GSM9659727","GSM9659605","GSM9659726","GSM9659725","GSM9659604","GSM9659515","GSM9659636","GSM9659514","GSM9659635","GSM9659634","GSM9659513","GSM9659512","GSM9659633","GSM9659511","GSM9659632","GSM9659631","GSM9659510","GSM9659630","GSM9659519","GSM9659518","GSM9659639","GSM9659517","GSM9659638","GSM9659637","GSM9659516","GSM9659625","GSM9659746","GSM9659504","GSM9659503","GSM9659624","GSM9659745","GSM9659502","GSM9659623","GSM9659744","GSM9659622","GSM9659743","GSM9659501","GSM9659500","GSM9659621","GSM9659742","GSM9659620","GSM9659741","GSM9659740","GSM9659509","GSM9659508","GSM9659629","GSM9659628","GSM9659749","GSM9659507","GSM9659748","GSM9659506","GSM9659627","GSM9659505","GSM9659626","GSM9659747","GSM9659499","GSM9659498","GSM9659497","GSM9659496","GSM9659495","GSM9659494","GSM9659493","GSM9659492","GSM9659491","GSM9659490","GSM9659489","GSM9659488","GSM9659487","GSM9659486","GSM9659485","GSM9659484","GSM9659483","GSM9659482","GSM9659481","GSM9659480","GSM9659713","GSM9659712","GSM9659711","GSM9659710","GSM9659719","GSM9659718","GSM9659717","GSM9659716","GSM9659715","GSM9659714","GSM9659702","GSM9659701","GSM9659700","GSM9659709","GSM9659708","GSM9659707","GSM9659706","GSM9659705","GSM9659704","GSM9659703"],"GPL":["24247","34328"],"GSE":["327494"],"taxon":["Mus musculus"]}}