{"database":"GEO","file_versions":[{"headers":{"Content-Type":["application/json"]},"body":{"files":{"Other":["ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/series/GSE327nnn/GSE327570/"]},"type":"primary"},"statusCodeValue":200,"statusCode":"OK"}],"scores":null,"additional":{"omics_type":["Transcriptomics"],"species":["Clostridioides difficile"," Homo sapiens"],"gds_type":["Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE327570"],"repository":["GEO"],"entry_type":["GSE"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Clostridioides difficile stimulates CCL20 expression in human colonoid monolayers in a transwell-based co-culture system that supports its anaerobic growth","description":"The pathogenic bacterium Clostridioides difficile is a major cause of antibi-otic-associated diarrheal disease. Treatment of the disease is challenging because anti-biotics used for treatment may also perpetuate the conditions that contributed to initial susceptibility. Elucidating the mechanisms of C. difficile/intestinal epithelium interaction is needed to facilitate the development of new therapeutic options. The studies described in this communication demonstrate the development of a tissue culture system that supported the growth of C. difficile in co-culture with a model of the human intestinal epithelium produced from colonoids, organoids derived from human colonic biopsies. Epithelial cell responses to C. difficile included upregulation of CCL20, encoding a chemokine. Glucosylating toxin production by the bacteria was required for upregulation of CCL20. Additionally, bacteria associated with the monolayer in a non-toxin dependent manner. This system will support future investigation of epithelium/C. difficile interac-tions during CDI and identification of mechanisms that drive pathogenesis by C. difficile in the human intestine.","dates":{"publication":"2026/06/22"},"accession":"GSE327570","cross_references":{"GSM":["GSM9661693","GSM9661695","GSM9661694","GSM9661696"],"GPL":["20301","36796"],"GSE":["327570"],"taxon":["Clostridioides difficile"," Homo sapiens"]}}