{"database":"GEO","file_versions":[],"scores":null,"additional":{"omics_type":["Other"],"species":["Mus musculus"],"gds_type":["Other"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE328442"],"repository":["GEO"],"entry_type":["GSE"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"PD-1 regulates latent effector differentiation of thymic cytotoxic CD8+ T cells [TCR-Seq]","description":"Durable T cell immunity against cancer depends on the continual replenishment of effector CD8⁺ T cells. Thymic output has been associated with favorable prognosis in cancer patients across a range of ages, suggesting that the thymus is an important source for replenishing T cells capable of controlling cancer progression. However, whether CD8⁺ T cells acquire effector potential within the thymus, and how thymic output of effector CD8⁺ T cells contribute to peripheral tumor immunity, remain unclear. In this study, we discover that thymic single-positive (SP) CD8⁺ T cells undergo latent effector differentiation following thymic selection, but this process is subject to PD-1 regulation. We further demonstrate that PD-1 limits the contribution of thymic output of CD8⁺ T cells in shaping the TCR repertoire within the tumor tissues for tumor immunosurveillance. Although PD-1 inhibition facilitates the expansion of effector CD8⁺ T cells in the periphery, these cells gradually lose antitumor activity within tumors due to accelerated exhaustion in the absence of PD-1. Thus, while latent effector differentiation of thymic CD8⁺ T cells enable a rapid response to malignant cells in the periphery, PD-1 restrains this process to prevent overt or terminal effector differentiation, which could compromise balanced and durable peripheral immunity.","dates":{"publication":"2026/05/01"},"accession":"GSE328442","cross_references":{"GSM":["GSM9683368","GSM9683366","GSM9683367","GSM9683364","GSM9683365","GSM9683362","GSM9683363","GSM9683361"],"GPL":["34328"],"GSE":["328442"],"taxon":["Mus musculus"]}}