GEOapplication/xmlftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/series/GSE328nnn/GSE328630/primary200OKTranscriptomics Takifugu obscurus Periophthalmus magnuspinnatusGallus gallusExpression profiling by high throughput sequencinghttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE328630GEOGSEfalseShared and divergent transcriptional programs of oligodendrocyte differentiation across vertebrate species revealed by scRNA-seq analysisMyelination is essential for neural function in the vertebrate central nervous system, yet the molecular details of how the oligodendrocyte differentiation program has evolved remains poorly understood. Here, we performed a cross-species single-cell transcriptomic analysis of oligodendrocyte lineage cells in the spinal cord of five vertebrate species: fugu, mudskipper, chicken, mouse, and human. Pseudotime trajectory analysis revealed a shared OPC to COP to MOL differentiation trajectory across all species. Among stage-specific DEGs, 302 high-shared genes were organized into four co-expression modules, with 46 evolutionary core genes enriched for oligodendrocyte differentiation and Wnt signaling. Notably, 184 amniote-exclusive genes were enriched for synaptic vesicle transport and locomotory behavior, predominantly at the OPC stage, compared with only 18 teleost-exclusive genes, indicating that amniotes have expanded the oligodendrocyte differentiation program at the progenitor stage.2026/06/03GSE328630GSM9686224GSM9686225GSM9686226GSM9686227GSM9686228GSM9686229245173684436845328630 Takifugu obscurus Periophthalmus magnuspinnatusGallus gallus[42196265]