GEOapplication/xmlftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/series/GSE329nnn/GSE329536/primaryOK200TranscriptomicsMacaca mulattaExpression profiling by high throughput sequencinghttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE329536GEOGSEfalseA single-cell transcriptomic atlas of rhesus macaque hematopoiesis reveals age-related myeloid bias and differentiation changesAging is accompanied by profound functional declines in the hematopoietic system, including diminished regenerative capacity and a skewing toward the myeloid lineage. While murine models have provided critical insights into hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) aging, the evolutionary distance to humans limits their translational applicability. Non-human primates, such as rhesus macaques, offer a highly relevant model, yet a comprehensive single-cell transcriptomic map of their aging hematopoietic system has been lacking. Here, we present a high-resolution single-cell RNA sequencing atlas of rhesus macaque hematopoiesis, profiling whole bone marrow, peripheral blood, and CD34-enriched progenitor cells from young and late-middle-aged cohorts. Our analysis delineates the transcriptional landscape of macaque hematopoiesis and identifies robust surface markers for prospective isolation of progenitor subpopulations. We uncover distinct, lineage-specific aging signatures, with the most profound transcriptional alterations occurring in multipotent progenitors and classical monocytes. Pseudotime and RNA velocity analyses reveal that aged HSCs reside in a more advanced state of differentiation with altered kinetics, providing a molecular basis for the observed age-related myeloid bias. Furthermore, cross-species integration with healthy human bone marrow data demonstrates profound transcriptional conservation of the stem and progenitor compartments between R. macaques and humans, with minimal species-specific divergence. These findings establish the rhesus macaque as a highly faithful surrogate for human hematopoietic aging and provide a critical resource for developing targeted interventions to rejuvenate the aging blood system.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 mulatta[42618695]