GEOapplication/xmlftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/series/GSE330nnn/GSE330527/primaryOK200TranscriptomicsPteromalus puparumExpression profiling by high throughput sequencinghttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE330527GEOGSEfalseFull length transcriptome sequencing of salivary glands of Pteromalus puparumAnimal saliva provides an excellent model for studying adaptive evolution, yet the functional significance of alternative mRNA isoforms in parasitoid salivary systems remains poorly understood. Here, using integrative full-length transcript sequencing and expression profiling, we generated an isoform-resolved transcriptomic landscape of salivary genes in the endoparasitoid wasp Pteromalus puparum. We identified 133 high-confidence salivary genes, more than 75% of which produced multiple transcript isoforms. Proteomic analyses confirmed that alternative splicing directly contributes to salivary protein diversity, with eight genes encoding distinct protein isoforms. Twelve salivary genes exhibited gland-biased isoform usage, including PpSerpin3, whose short isoform was specifically expressed in salivary and venom glands and suppressed host melanization. Comparative multi-omics analyses further revealed that salivary and venom systems share a conserved genetic core but achieve functional specialization through tissue-specific gene family co-option and extensive isoform switching. Together, these findings establish an isoform-resolved framework for the parasitoid salivary system and demonstrate that alternative splicing promotes salivary protein diversification and gland-specific functional evolution.2026/05/13GSE330527GSM9728214GSM9728206GSM9728208GSM9728207GSM9728209GSM9728211GSM9728210GSM9728213GSM972821236946330527Pteromalus puparum