{"database":"GEO","file_versions":[{"headers":{"Content-Type":["application/json"]},"body":{"files":{"Other":["ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/series/GSE333nnn/GSE333851/"]},"type":"primary"},"statusCode":"OK","statusCodeValue":200}],"scores":null,"additional":{"omics_type":["Transcriptomics"],"species":["Homo sapiens"],"gds_type":[" Other","Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE333851"],"repository":["GEO"],"entry_type":["GSE"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Spatial Glyco-Codes Define Human Liver Pathology and Progression","description":"Glycosylation is a relatively underexplored aspect of the central dogma of biology, yet a key determinant of biological function and encodes disease-associated cellular states. However spatial glycomics is limited primarily by workflows that are costly, specialized, or insufficiently informative for conformation-dependent motifs. To address the need for a deep, cost-effective, and portable spatial glycomics technology, we developed spatial-GPT, a multimodal lectin-based platform for the simultaneous profiling of glycans, proteins, and transcripts from same-slide archival FFPE tissues. By combining DBiT-GPT sequencing with CODEX-GP imaging, spatial-GPT provides robust glycan detection in long-stored specimens, cost-effective multiplexing, and ascription of glycan motifs to cellular identity, pathology, and gene-regulatory programs at subcellular spatial resolution. Applied to human liver disease, spatial-GPT resolved glyco-codes of steatosis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) subtypes, identified tumor-like glycan remodeling in premalignant regions, revealed conserved HCC-associated glycan programs, and uncovered glycan-defined immune and stromal neighborhoods across tissue microarrays. Spatial-GPT offers a practical extension of pathology, unlocking the glycan dimension on the same tissue section to expose a granularity that may be otherwise obscured by morphology, protein markers, or transcriptomics alone.","dates":{"publication":"2026/06/04"},"accession":"GSE333851","cross_references":{"GSM":["GSM9775948","GSM9775949","GSM9775950","GSM9775957","GSM9775958","GSM9775955","GSM9775956","GSM9775953","GSM9775954","GSM9775951","GSM9775952","GSM9775939","GSM9775959","GSM9775937","GSM9775938","GSM9775960","GSM9775961","GSM9775968","GSM9775946","GSM9775947","GSM9775944","GSM9775966","GSM9775967","GSM9775945","GSM9775964","GSM9775942","GSM9775965","GSM9775943","GSM9775962","GSM9775940","GSM9775941","GSM9775963"],"GPL":["24676"],"GSE":["333851"],"taxon":["Homo sapiens"]}}