{"database":"GEO","file_versions":[{"headers":{"Content-Type":["application/json"]},"body":{"files":{"Other":["ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/series/GSE345nnn/GSE345254/"]},"type":"primary"},"statusCode":"OK","statusCodeValue":200}],"scores":null,"additional":{"omics_type":["Transcriptomics"],"species":["Homo sapiens"],"gds_type":["Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE345254"],"repository":["GEO"],"entry_type":["GSE"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Activated macrophages restrict invasive bacterial infection in a human intestinal organoid co-culture model","description":"Intestinal organoids provide physiologically relevant models of the epithelial barrier, but lack the immune compartment that critically shapes host responses to infection. Here, we established a human colon organoid-derived monolayer co-culture system with macrophage-like THP-1 cells positioned directly beneath the epithelial layer. The model enabled controlled apical infection with Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Typhimurium while preserving epithelial barrier integrity. PMA-differentiated THP-1 cells reduced intracellular L. monocytogenes burden, whereas additional activation with IFN-γ and LPS resulted in a pronounced reduction of both L. monocytogenes and S. Typhimurium, accompanied by decreased infection-associated cytotoxicity. Bulk RNA sequencing revealed a distinct co-culture transcriptional signature characterized by coordinated changes in inflammatory, antimicrobial, and epithelial lineage-associated programs. These included reduced HLA-D/MHC class II-associated gene expression, altered S100A8/S100A9 expression, and changes in epithelial lineage markers indicating a shift in epithelial cellular composition and differentiation state. Together, these findings establish a versatile human organoid-macrophage platform for dissecting epithelial-immune interactions and macrophage-associated control of invasive bacterial infection.","dates":{"publication":"2026/08/31"},"accession":"GSE345254","cross_references":{"GSM":["GSM10000251","GSM10000252","GSM10000250","GSM10000255","GSM10000256","GSM10000253","GSM10000254","GSM10000248","GSM10000249","GSM10000257","GSM10000246","GSM10000247"],"GPL":["34284"],"GSE":["345254"],"taxon":["Homo sapiens"]}}