{"database":"GNPS","file_versions":[{"headers":{"Content-Type":["application/json"]},"body":{"files":{"Other":["ftp://massive-ftp.ucsd.edu/v08/MSV000094961/"]},"type":"primary"},"statusCode":"OK","statusCodeValue":200}],"scores":null,"additional":{"omics_type":["Metabolomics"],"submitter":["Brian E. Sedio"],"instrument_platform":["Thermo Fisher Scientific (MA, USA) Q Exactive hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometer","Thermo Fisher Scientific (MA, USA) Vanquish Horizon Duo ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) system with an Accucore C18 column with 150 mm length, 2.1 mm internal diameter, and 2.6 µm particle size"],"species":["Silverstoneia Flotator (ncbitaxon:384859)","Eleutherodactylus Cystignathoides (ncbitaxon:122124)"],"full_dataset_link":["https://massive.ucsd.edu/ProteoSAFe/dataset.jsp?task=f00df09ea7aa489a88a5cb0b1e9d72f2"],"submitter_email":["sediob@utexas.edu"],"submitter_affiliation":["University of Texas at Austin"],"sample_protocol":[""],"repository":["GNPS"],"file_size":["135"],"ptm_modification":["MS:1002864 - No post-translational-modifications are included in the identified peptides of this dataset"],"data_protocol":[""],"pubmed_abstract":["Understanding the origins of novel, complex phenotypes is a major goal in evolutionary biology. Poison frogs of the family Dendrobatidae have evolved the novel ability to acquire alkaloids from their diet for chemical defense at least three times. However, taxon sampling for alkaloids has been biased towards colorful species, without similar attention paid to inconspicuous ones that are often assumed to be undefended. As a result, our understanding of how chemical defense evolved in this group is incomplete. Here we provide new data showing that, in contrast to previous studies, species from each undefended poison frog clade have measurable yet low amounts of alkaloids. We confirm that undefended dendrobatids regularly consume mites and ants, which are known sources of alkaloids. Thus, our data suggest that diet is insufficient to explain the defended phenotype. Our data support the existence of a phenotypic intermediate between toxin consumption and sequestration - passive accumulation - that differs from sequestration in that it involves no derived forms of transport and storage mechanisms yet results in low levels of toxin accumulation. We discuss the concept of passive accumulation and its potential role in the origin of chemical defenses in poison frogs and other toxin-sequestering organisms. In light of ideas from pharmacokinetics we incorporate new and old data from poison frogs into an evolutionary model that could help explain the origins of acquired chemical defenses in animals and provide insight into the molecular processes that govern the fate of ingested toxins.","Understanding the origins of novel, complex phenotypes is a major goal in evolutionary biology. Poison frogs of the family Dendrobatidae have evolved the novel ability to acquire alkaloids from their diet for chemical defense at least three times. However, taxon sampling for alkaloids has been biased towards colorful species, without similar attention paid to inconspicuous ones that are often assumed to be undefended. As a result, our understanding of how chemical defense evolved in this group is incomplete. Here, we provide new data showing that, in contrast to previous studies, species from each undefended poison frog clade have measurable yet low amounts of alkaloids. We confirm that undefended dendrobatids regularly consume mites and ants, which are known sources of alkaloids. Thus, our data suggest that diet is insufficient to explain the defended phenotype. Our data support the existence of a phenotypic intermediate between toxin consumption and sequestration - passive accumulation - that differs from sequestration in that it involves no derived forms of transport and storage mechanisms yet results in low levels of toxin accumulation. We discuss the concept of passive accumulation and its potential role in the origin of chemical defenses in poison frogs and other toxin-sequestering organisms. In light of ideas from pharmacokinetics, we incorporate new and old data from poison frogs into an evolutionary model that could help explain the origins of acquired chemical defenses in animals and provide insight into the molecular processes that govern the fate of ingested toxins."],"pubmed_title":["Passive accumulation of alkaloids in inconspicuously colored frogs refines the evolutionary paradigm of acquired chemical defenses."],"pubmed_authors":["Tarvin Rebecca D RD, Coleman Jeffrey L JL, Donoso David A DA, Betancourth-Cundar Mileidy M, López-Hervas Karem K, Gleason Kimberly S KS, Sanders J Ryan JR, Smith Jacqueline M JM, Ron Santiago R SR, Santos Juan C JC, Sedio Brian E BE, Cannatella David C DC, Fitch Richard R","Tarvin Rebecca D RD, Coleman Jeffrey L JL, Donoso David A DA, Betancourth-Cundar Mileidy M, López-Hervas Karem K, Gleason Kimberly S KS, Sanders J Ryan JR, Smith Jacqueline M JM, Ron Santiago R SR, Santos Juan C JC, Sedio Brian E BE, Cannatella David C DC, Fitch Richard W RW"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"GNPS TarvinETAL2024 Data and Result Files for Silverstoneia flotator and Eleutherodactylus cystignathoides","description":"mzXML files generated from metabolomic extracts of frog (Silverstoneia flotator and Eleutherodactylus cystignathoides) skins, supplementary files from these raw files (generated using SIRIUS v5.8.6, MZmine v.3.9.0, GNPS), and feature tables with curated data from all these softwares (generated on R4.2.2) are included.","dates":{"publication":"Sun Jun 09 12:46:00 BST 2024"},"accession":"MSV000094961","cross_references":{"pubmed":["39728927","38798461"]}}